Name: Contos escolhidos de D. Antonio de Trueba
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Chapter 1 No.1

N?o é meu intento tra?ar a historia d'este ramo de litteratura. Direi, todavia, que d'aquelle modo continuou o romance, em todos os tempos, e sob todas as fórmas, a reproduzir em si, com mais ou menos naturalidade e viveza de c?res, as mudan?as que se v?o operando nas idêas e nos costumes.

D'est'arte se revestiu das fórmas classicas, quando, sob a influencia dos sabios e dos artistas, foragidos de Constantinopla, ao desmoronar do imperio do Oriente, se operou nas letras, nas artes, e no proprio viver da sociedade, a grande revolu??o denominada renascen?a, a qual foi inspirar-se nas obras grandiosas da antiga Grecia.

Do mesmo modo assumiu o romance a gravidade philosophica, quando Voltaire, Rousseau, e outros grandes pensadores do seculo passado, proclamando verdades, que faziam estremecer em seus thronos os monarchas despoticos, convidavam os estadistas a meditarem nos problemas sociaes, cuja semente assim lan?avam á terra; e excitavam os povos a reflectir na significa??o e importancia dos direitos do homem.

Assim o romance se tornou historico, logo que a sociedade, sentindo o mal estar de uma organisa??o que os progressos da civilisa??o iam fazendo caducar, recorria ao passado, como que procurando nos archivos da historia o elixir para se rejuvenescer; isto é, estudando nas antigas sociedades as fórmas governativas, que mais lhe quadrariam sob a revolu??o que se preparava.

Quando, em nossos dias, a applica??o do vapor á locomo??o e ás machinas industriaes, bem como a telegraphia electrica, pondo em facil e rapida communica??o todos os povos do globo, estabeleceram novas condi??es de existencia social, que h?o de operar for?osamente, em maior ou menor espa?o de tempo, uma transforma??o completa, n?o só no modo de viver, mas tambem na organisa??o da sociedade; quando a atten??o dos homens pensadores come?ava a fixar-se na grande revolu??o prevista, e a meditar nos difficeis problemas que ella em breve deveria offerecer á resolu??o dos philosophos e dos estadistas; quando a atten??o geral dos povos, desapegada das tradi??es do passado, se absorvia inteiramente na contempla??o do presente, admirando as maravilhas do progresso, anciando saciar-se dos gosos, que elle gera com m?o fecunda e prodiga, o romance, deixando tambem em repouso os archivos da historia, come?ou a inspirar-se nas scenas da vida actual. E ao passo que retratava a sociedade, dando colorido e relevo a cada uma das suas fei??es, lan?ava á arena da discuss?o as novas e grandes quest?es sociaes.

Porém, partindo do mesmo ponto, movidos por egual impulso, os romancistas contemporaneos, que se dedicaram a descrever os costumes e praticas da actualidade, dividiram-se em duas turmas, seguindo caminho differente. Uns, impellidos por uma idêa elevada e generosa, pintaram com c?res negras, mas verdadeiras, todas as angustias e miserias da sociedade moderna, estudando-lhes as causas, apontando os perigos futuros, fazendo avultar os defeitos e defficiencias das institui??es; chamando, em fim, a solicitude dos poderes publicos para o horrivel cancro, que vae corroendo o corpo social. á frente d'estes illustrados romancistas colocára-se Eugenio Sue.

Infelizmente, muitos discipulos d'esta eschola, esquecendo ou despresando os intuitos philosophicos do mestre, trataram sómente de deleitar; e reconhecendo as tendencias do seculo para os gosos sensuaes, e para os grandes sobresaltos do espirito e do cora??o, puzeram em ac??o todas as paix?es violentas, e todos os instinctos ferozes da humanidade. Compozeram d'est'arte, é bem certo, quadros grandiosos, cheios de vida e de anima??o, scintilantes de fogo e de energia, em que se succedem uns aos outros os episodios dramaticos, e as scenas tragicas. Mas, atravez das galas da poesia, com que os adornaram, e sob o brilho seductor dos ouropeis com que se esfor?am por atenuar, sen?o santificar, a hidiondez de torpezas e devassid?es repugnantes, transparece o virus da corrup??o da alma, ministrado em ta?a de ouro á mocidade inexperiente e ávida de commo??es fortes.

A outra turma de romancistas tem trilhado mais nobre senda, no desempenho de uma miss?o civilisadora e santa.

Os seus romances n?o deslumbrar?o, talvez, o espirito com o esplendor das imagens; n?o o sobresaltar?o com a rapida success?o de casos extraordinarios; n?o subjugam a raz?o, nem exp?em o cora??o a contínuo tremor com o longo encadeamento de commo??es violentas.

Como o prado, que, sob o sol da primavera, se veste de verdores, que vae matisando pouco a pouco de flores singelas, mas rescendendo de suaves aromas, resplandecentes e encantadoras pela viveza e variedade das c?res; e que no inverno troca as alegrias em tristezas, as galas em miseria, para outra vez folgar e enriquecer-se sob o novo sceptro de Flora; assim nas produc??es d'estes romancistas alternam-se as scenas meigas e suaves da familia com os tristes acasos da sorte, com as tribula??es da desventura, emfim, com as tempestades da vida. N'estes quadros avultam tambem os contrastes, como na natureza; os toques de luz e de sombra, colhidos nas vicissitudes da fortuna e no tumultuar das paix?es. Figuram ahi alguns dos vicios e crimes, que s?o no mundo moral a imagem das for?as destruidoras no mundo physico. Mas apresentam-se, n?o com o semblante vellado, embora por véo transparente, que mal deixa distinguir-lhes a fealdade; n?o com as fei??es embellesadas e disfar?adas com arrebiques e lou?ainhas, que fascinem e lhes conciliem as sympathias das almas ingenuas e credulas, mas sim taes quaes s?o, na sua completa nudez, em toda a sua asquerosa deformidade.

Finalmente, d'esta lucta entre o bem e o mal, figurada n'estes romances, sáe a virtude ou o arrependimento coroado pela felicidade, e o crime ou o vicio punido pela justi?a dos homens, ou pela de Deos, que dos proprios vicios e crimes fez gerar o castigo que os pune na terra.

A esta turma de romancistas, a que pertence a eschola allem?, veiu associar-se uma outra, ainda mais singela e modesta, talvez, mas tambem guiada pelo mesmo impulso generoso de deleitar, moralisando. Comp?e-se esta de um certo numero de auctores de contos e tradi??es populares, entre os quaes occupa logar de honra D. Antonio de Trueba.

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Contos escolhidos de D. Antonio de Trueba

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