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According to Wikipedia: "Victor-Marie Hugo (26 February 1802 – 22 May 1885) was a French poet, playwright, novelist, essayist, visual artist, statesman, human rights activist and exponent of the Romantic movement in France. In France, Hugo's literary fame comes first from his poetry but also rests upon his novels and his dramatic achievements. Among many volumes of poetry, Les Contemplations and La Légende des siècles stand particularly high in critical esteem, and Hugo is sometimes identified as the greatest French poet. Outside France, his best-known works are the novels Les Misérables and Notre-Dame de Paris (known in English also as The Hunchback of Notre Dame). Though a committed conservative royalist when he was young, Hugo grew more liberal as the decades passed; he became a passionate supporter of republicanism, and his work touches upon most of the political and social issues and artistic trends of his time. He is buried in the Panthéon."
Chapter 1 No.1
Toute l'eloquence humaine dans toutes les assemblees de tous les peuples et de tous les temps peut se resumer en ceci: la querelle du droit contre la loi. Cette querelle, et c'est la tout le phenomene du progres, tend de plus en plus a decroitre.
Le jour ou elle cessera, la civilisation touchera a son apogee, la jonction sera faite entre ce qui doit etre et ce qui est, la tribune politique se transformera en tribune scientifique; fin des surprises, fin des calamites et des catastrophes; on aura double le cap des tempetes; il n'y aura pour ainsi dire plus d'evenements; la societe se developpera majestueusement selon la nature; la quantite d'eternite possible a la terre se melera aux faits humains et les apaisera.
Plus de disputes, plus de fictions, plus de parasitismes; ce sera le regne paisible de l'incontestable; on ne fera plus les lois, on les constatera; les lois seront des axiomes, on ne met pas aux voix deux et deux font quatre, le binome de Newton ne depend pas d'une majorite, il y a une geometrie sociale; on sera gouverne par l'evidence; le code sera honnete, direct, clair; ce n'est pas pour rien qu'on appelle la vertu la droiture; cette rigidite fait partie de la liberte; elle n'exclut en rien l'inspiration, les souffles et les rayons sont rectilignes. L'humanite a deux poles, le vrai et le beau; elle sera regie, dans l'un par l'exact, dans l'autre par l'ideal. Grace a l'instruction substituee a la guerre, le suffrage universel arrivera a ce degre de discernement qu'il saura choisir les esprits; on aura pour parlement le concile permanent des intelligences; l'institut sera le senat. La Convention, en creant l'institut, avait la vision, confuse, mais profonde, de l'avenir.
Cette societe de l'avenir sera superbe et tranquille. Aux batailles succederont les decouvertes; les peuples ne conquerront plus, ils grandiront et s'eclaireront; on ne sera plus des guerriers, on sera des travailleurs; on trouvera, on construira, on inventera; exterminer ne sera plus une gloire. Ce sera le remplacement des tueurs par les createurs. La civilisation qui etait toute d'action sera toute de pensee; la vie publique se composera de l'etude du vrai et de la production du beau; les chefs-d'oeuvre seront les incidents; on sera plus emu d'une Iliade que d'un Austerlitz. Les frontieres s'effaceront sous la lumiere des esprits. La Grece etait tres petite, notre presqu'ile du Finistere, superposee a la Grece, la couvrirait; la Grece etait immense pourtant, immense par Homere, par Eschyle, par Phidias et par Socrate. Ces quatre hommes sont quatre mondes. La Grece les eut; de la sa grandeur. L'envergure d'un peuple se mesure a son rayonnement. La Siberie, cette geante, est une naine; la colossale Afrique existe a peine. Une ville, Rome, a ete l'egale de l'univers; qui lui parlait parlait a toute la terre. Urbi et orbi.
Cette grandeur, la France l'a, et l'aura de plus en plus. La France a cela d'admirable qu'elle est destinee a mourir, mais a mourir comme les dieux, par la transfiguration. La France deviendra Europe. Certains peuples finissent par la sublimation comme Hercule ou par l'ascension comme Jesus-Christ. On pourrait dire qu'a un moment donne un peuple entre en constellation; les autres peuples, astres de deuxieme grandeur, se groupent autour de lui, et c'est ainsi qu'Athenes, Rome et Paris sont pleiades. Lois immenses. La Grece s'est transfiguree, et est devenue le monde paien; Rome s'est transfiguree, et est devenue le monde chretien; la France se transfigurera et deviendra le monde humain. La revolution de France s'appellera l'evolution des peuples. Pourquoi? Parce que la France le merite; parce qu'elle manque d'egoisme, parce qu'elle ne travaille pas pour elle seule, parce qu'elle est creatrice d'esperances universelles, parce qu'elle represente toute la bonne volonte humaine, parce que la ou les autres nations sont seulement des soeurs, elle est mere. Cette maternite de la genereuse France eclate dans tous les phenomenes sociaux de ce temps; les autres peuples lui font ses malheurs, elle leur fait leurs idees. Sa revolution n'est pas locale, elle est generale; elle n'est pas limitee, elle est indefinie et infinie. La France restaure en toute chose la notion primitive, la notion vraie. Dans la philosophie elle retablit la logique, dans l'art elle retablit la nature, dans la loi elle retablit le droit.
L'oeuvre est-elle achevee? Non, certes. On ne fait encore qu'entrevoir la plage lumineuse et lointaine, l'arrivee, l'avenir.
En attendant on lutte.
Lutte laborieuse.
D'un cote l'ideal, de l'autre l'incomplet.
Avant d'aller plus loin, placons ici un mot, qui eclaire tout ce que nous allons dire, et qui va meme au dela.
La vie et le droit sont le meme phenomene. Leur superposition est etroite.
Qu'on jette les yeux sur les etres crees, la quantite de droit est adequate a la quantite de vie.
De la, la grandeur de toutes les questions qui se rattachent a cette notion, le Droit.
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Other books by Victor Hugo
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Notre-Dame de Paris
Literature5.0
Notre-Dame de Paris (titre complet : Notre-Dame de Paris. 1482) est un roman historique de l'écrivain français Victor Hugo, publié en 1831.Le titre fait référence à la cathédrale de Paris, Notre-Dame, qui est un des lieux principaux de l'intrigue du roman. Le roman se compose de 59 chapitres répartis en onze livres. Dans la première édition du roman, paru chez Charles Gosselin en mars 1831, trois chapitres sont coupés en raison des contraintes de longueur imposées par l'éditeur : ce sont le chapitre « Impopularité » (IV, 4) ainsi que les deux chapitres formant le livre V (« Abbas beati Martini » et « Ceci tuera cela »). Ces chapitres sont publiés dans la deuxième édition, définitive, du roman et reproduits dans la présente édition
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Les Miserables
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Les Misérables is a French historical novel by Victor Hugo, first published in 1862, that is considered one of the greatest novels of the 19th century. In the English-speaking world, the novel is usually referred to by its original French title. However, several alternatives have been used, including The Miserables, The Wretched, The Miserable Ones, The Poor Ones, The Wretched Poor, The Victims and The Dispossessed. Beginning in 1815 and culminating in the 1832 June Rebellion in Paris, the novel follows the lives and interactions of several characters, particularly the struggles of ex-convict Jean Valjean and his experience of redemption.
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