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Opúsculos por Alexandre Herculano - Tomo 08 by Alexandre Herculano
Considerámos já em si a pena de morte: vimos que nenhuma sanc??o tinha nos principios constitutivos da sociedade; antes era, em respeito a elles, um absurdo contradictorio. Falta examinar a quest?o pelo lado da necessidade: vêr, se como quer De Maistre, todo o poder, grandeza e subordina??o repousam no algoz; e se a espada da justi?a deve estar sempre desembaínhada para amea?ar e ferir de morte.
Tirai, diz aquelle fautor e apologista do despotismo, tirai do mundo o carrasco, esse agente incomprehensivel, e no mesmo instante a ordem se trocará em cháos, os ermos soverter-se-h?o, a sociedade desapparecerá.
é esta a linguagem de um dos mais habeis propugnadores do absolutismo na Europa. Foi este o resultado rigorosamente logico que elle deduziu dos seus principios politicos. Qual será a deduc??o de principios contrarios, de principios liberaes? Parece que a opposta. E com effeito foi a que delles deduzimos no antecedente artigo: vejamos agora qual a necessidade e a utilidade social da pena de morte.
E um facto ahi está-um facto perenne e innegavel-a historia criminal dos povos modernos, comparada com a frequencia dos supplicios. N?o falaremos de épochas de convuls?es politicas; porque a exalta??o das paix?es converte ent?o o homem em anjo de heroismo e resigna??o, ou em demonio de barbaria e vileza: mas consideremos os tempos ordinarios de cada sociedade, seja qual f?r a sua fórma politica de existir; vejamos se o cadafalso serve, em verdade, para reprimir crimes, porque, na falta de outros meios para alcan?ar aquelle fim, elle seria uma necessidade pública.
Como n?o é possível chamar a juizo a historia de todas as na??es da Europa, até porque escaceiam os apontamentos estatisticos desta especie na maior parte dellas, olhemos só para a Fran?a e Inglaterra.
Na Fran?a é indubitavel que ha uma repugnancia visivel á commina??o da pena de morte: a guilhotina, t?o rica de victimas durante a revolu??o, quasi que se vê hoje abandonada; e se muitas vezes a brandura e a philosophia faltam nas leis, est?o no caràcter do povo, e na consciencia dos juizes.
A Inglaterra foi no século XVIII, e ainda nos segundos dez annos do reinado de Jorge III, o país classico da f?rca, e a pena capital, segundo Mr. Phillips, dava a Londres umas parecen?as de a?ougue; hoje a Inglaterra está longe desta crueldade, mas ainda excede muito a Fran?a no numero das execu??es annuaes.
Em Fran?a, segundo um relatorio do ministro da justi?a, de 1829, vê-se que num anno, de 4475 criminosos julgados, tinham sido condemnados á morte só 89. No anno de 1833 aquelle país, tendo crescido em popula??o tinha diminuido em criminosos, pois só houve 4418, dos quaes apenas 74 foram condemnados á pena última.
Todos sabem que a popula??o da Inglaterra é bastante inferior á da Fran?a. A somma dos criminosos convencidos na Gr?-Bretanha era de pouco mais de 10:000 em 1829, sendo destes condemnados á pena última 1:311. Em 1832 houve 14:947 senten?as; n?o sabemos quantas de morte: mas basta-nos saber que a pena última imposta á nona parte dos criminosos em Inglaterra, em 1829, sendo em Fran?a, no mesmo anno, imposta á quinquagesima parte delles, n?o embara?ou que naquelle país a criminalidade fosse em progresso, emquanto neste foi em diminui??o.
Que prova isto? Que o supplício nada influe nas ac??es dos homens: que se devem buscar as causas que os levam a perpetrar delictos, para as remover, emvez de erguer cadafalsos, que destroem o criminoso, mas n?o impediram que elle o fosse. Um homem honrado ultrajado, n?o dista um passo de ser um assassino: n?o espereis que elle o seja, para depois o enforcardes: dai-lhe leis que tomem a seu cargo desaffrontá-lo. Um desgra?ado, rodeado de filhos, sem ter um bocado de p?o que lhes dê, vai converter-se num salteador da via pública; n?o espereis que elle o seja para depois o enforcardes: abri ao povo o caminho de ganhar a vida na lavoura, no commercio ou na industria, e os salteadores desapparecer?o. Uma crean?a de tenra idade mostra índole perversa, annuncia para a idade viril um malvado: moderai-lhe e torcei-lhe essa índole na infancia, creando uma educa??o pública, que n?o existe; n?o espereis que ella seja homem e criminoso, para depois a enforcades: guiai bem a mocidade e os crimes rarear?o.
Virá alguem com dizer que no estado actual da sociedade, existindo essas causas de crimes que apontámos, n?o é possivel apagar dos códigos criminaes as leis escriptas com sangue? P?r esta objec??o será daqui a cincoenta annos uma vergonha: ha tambem cincoenta annos que se julgava impossivel sustentar colonias sem o tráfico dos negros: quem, sem córar, se atreverá a dizê-lo hoje? Ainda ha pouquissimos séculos, os tractos e as fogueiras eram no entender de muitos politicos instrumentos necessarios da existencia social. No tempo dos hebreus era considerado o exterminio de ra?as inteiras como outro elemento da sociedade. Se conhecessemos a historia primitiva do género-humano, talvez lá achássemos ainda mais horriveis necessidades sociaes.
Felizmente o progresso intellectual e moral n?o pára: a última preocupa??o das épochas de barbaridade passará: a palavra algoz chegará a ser um archaismo: e os cadafalsos apodrecidos e roídos dos vermes ser?o algum dia, um monumento dos delirios e erros do passado.
A IMPRENSA
Opúsculos por Alexandre Herculano - Tomo I by Alexandre Herculano
Opúsculos por Alexandre Herculano - Tomo II by Alexandre Herculano
Opúsculos por Alexandre Herculano - Tomo VII by Alexandre Herculano
For ten years, Daniela showered her ex-husband with unwavering devotion, only to discover she was just his biggest joke. Feeling humiliated yet determined, she finally divorced him. Three months later, Daniela returned in grand style. She was now the hidden CEO of a leading brand, a sought-after designer, and a wealthy mining mogul—her success unveiled at her triumphant comeback. Her ex-husband’s entire family rushed over, desperate to beg for forgiveness and plead for another chance. Yet Daniela, now cherished by the famed Mr. Phillips, regarded them with icy disdain. "I’m out of your league."
6 years ago, Lydia suffered a brutal betrayal orchestrated by her own husband and step-sister, who drugged her and framed her. In a twist of fate, she ended up having a one-night stand with a stranger. Don't even remember what he looked like. Later, in the throes of death, she discovered the truth about her mother's death all those years ago. In the blink of an eye, she lost everything. 6 years later, Lydia returned with her genius son, vowing to exact revenge on all her enemies! Little did she know, she encountered an incredibly familiar man at the airport! *** The man was briskly pushing open the door to the restroom, heading to the urinal. Even with such a mundane action, he did it with unparalleled elegance and grace. Lydia, following him in a daze, saw his fierce lower body and suddenly snapped back to reality. She let out a high-pitched scream, instinctively covering her eyes with her hands, her cheeks flushed, and stood there stiffly, unsure of what to do. Lambert furrowed his brows slightly but remained calm as he continued to relieve himself. The sound of water hitting the urinal made Lydia's face even redder. She angrily shouted, "You pervert!" Little did Lydia know that Lambert, seeing her in this state, had a flicker of recognition in his eyes. Memories from many years ago flashed through his mind, and his heart couldn't help but stir. It was her!
I'm a Luna. After three years of marriage to Alpha Nathaniel Blackwood, I'm finally pregnant with his pup. But he's unclaimed me for his first love. I'm leaving the pack with this secret, praying he never finds out. Nathaniel Blackwood is a handsome, powerful Alpha. In a world where humans and werewolves coexist, he has it all: a billion-dollar empire, untold power, a massive pack, and, most importantly, the perfect Luna. But the return of his first love shattered our marriage. When he finds out the secret I've been hiding, will he regret rejecting me? Will I ever be able to forgive him? Dive into this gripping serialized novel to find out more-Enjoy the ride!
"Never let anyone treat you like shit!" I learned that the hard way. For three years, I lived with my in-laws. They didn't treat me as their son-in-law but as a slave. I put up with everything because of my wife, Yolanda Lambert. She was the light of my life. Unfortunately, my whole world came crashing down the day I caught my wife cheating on me. I have never been so heartbroken. To have my revenge, I revealed my true identity. I was none other than Liam Hoffman—the heir of a family with trillions of dollars in assets! The Lamberts were utterly shocked after the big reveal. They realized what fools they had been for treating me like trash. My wife even knelt down and begged for my forgiveness. What do you think I did? Did I take her back or made her suffer? Find out!
When Zora was sick during the early days of her pregnancy, Ezrah was with his first love, Piper. When Zora got into an accident and called Ezrah, he said he was busy, when in actual fact, he was buying shoes for Piper. Zora lost her baby because of the accident, and throughout her stay at the hospital, Ezrah never showed up. She already knew that he didn't love her, but that was the last straw for the camel's back, and her fragile heart could not take it anymore. When Ezrah arrived home a few days after Zora was discharged from the hospital, he no longer met the woman who always greeted him with a smile and cared for him. Zora stood at the top of the stairs and yelled with a cold expression, "Good news, Ezrah! Our baby died in a car accident. There is nothing between us anymore, so let's get a divorce." The man who claimed not to have any feelings for Zora, being cold and distant towards her, and having asked her for a divorce twice, instantly panicked.
My name is Katia, and I am just trying to survive until my fated mate arrives. Which may be easier said than done. Rejectection is the last straw. Whispering my acceptance of his rejection. I run through the pack house, out across the manicured lawn into the forest. "I'm sorry, my sweet girl," I say to my wolf. I'm sorry you have been stuck with me and have had to suffer everything I have. She whispers," it's not your fault, Katia. We came to a cliff with a waterfall. The hurt keeps pounding at me. I need it to stop. My sweet girl, and I just want peace, I keep running and leap off the cliff. Spreading my arms wide, with tears streaming down my face, I fall, not making a sound, waiting for sweet oblivion where we feel nothing ever again. "I love you, my sweet girl! Until we meet again, "My wolf replied just before we hit the water, "I love you too, Katia. I have never regretted a moment with you." The Snow Moon pack is having their last barbecue of the summer next to the waterfall on their land. The adults are laughing and joking while watching the pups play. The alpha, beta, and gamma are swimming with some of the older children and playing a game of Marco Polo. Someone yells, "Oh my goddess, someone just jumped over the waterfall!" Everyone is frozen as they watch what looks to be a child falling arms spread wide, no one makes a sound. The small body hits the water like a plane crashing into the side of a mountain. The alpha, beta, and gamma, spring into action, swimming towards the area the person went under. The alpha is screaming his wolf is going crazy repeating, "Find her. Find her...find her!" They dive and the beta surfaces with a small person in his arms. Alpha takes the girl from his beta, laying her on the ground. The men are shocked by what they see. She is covered in scars and injuries. Her body is twisted and broken. The Beta asks, "Who could have done this to someone so defenseless?" Alpha drops to his knees, repeating, "MATE...MATE...MATE!"