Name: Opúsculos por Alexandre Herculano - Tomo 08
Rating: 5.0 (1 reviews)

Chapter 1 No.1

Considerámos já em si a pena de morte: vimos que nenhuma sanc??o tinha nos principios constitutivos da sociedade; antes era, em respeito a elles, um absurdo contradictorio. Falta examinar a quest?o pelo lado da necessidade: vêr, se como quer De Maistre, todo o poder, grandeza e subordina??o repousam no algoz; e se a espada da justi?a deve estar sempre desembaínhada para amea?ar e ferir de morte.

Tirai, diz aquelle fautor e apologista do despotismo, tirai do mundo o carrasco, esse agente incomprehensivel, e no mesmo instante a ordem se trocará em cháos, os ermos soverter-se-h?o, a sociedade desapparecerá.

é esta a linguagem de um dos mais habeis propugnadores do absolutismo na Europa. Foi este o resultado rigorosamente logico que elle deduziu dos seus principios politicos. Qual será a deduc??o de principios contrarios, de principios liberaes? Parece que a opposta. E com effeito foi a que delles deduzimos no antecedente artigo: vejamos agora qual a necessidade e a utilidade social da pena de morte.

E um facto ahi está-um facto perenne e innegavel-a historia criminal dos povos modernos, comparada com a frequencia dos supplicios. N?o falaremos de épochas de convuls?es politicas; porque a exalta??o das paix?es converte ent?o o homem em anjo de heroismo e resigna??o, ou em demonio de barbaria e vileza: mas consideremos os tempos ordinarios de cada sociedade, seja qual f?r a sua fórma politica de existir; vejamos se o cadafalso serve, em verdade, para reprimir crimes, porque, na falta de outros meios para alcan?ar aquelle fim, elle seria uma necessidade pública.

Como n?o é possível chamar a juizo a historia de todas as na??es da Europa, até porque escaceiam os apontamentos estatisticos desta especie na maior parte dellas, olhemos só para a Fran?a e Inglaterra.

Na Fran?a é indubitavel que ha uma repugnancia visivel á commina??o da pena de morte: a guilhotina, t?o rica de victimas durante a revolu??o, quasi que se vê hoje abandonada; e se muitas vezes a brandura e a philosophia faltam nas leis, est?o no caràcter do povo, e na consciencia dos juizes.

A Inglaterra foi no século XVIII, e ainda nos segundos dez annos do reinado de Jorge III, o país classico da f?rca, e a pena capital, segundo Mr. Phillips, dava a Londres umas parecen?as de a?ougue; hoje a Inglaterra está longe desta crueldade, mas ainda excede muito a Fran?a no numero das execu??es annuaes.

Em Fran?a, segundo um relatorio do ministro da justi?a, de 1829, vê-se que num anno, de 4475 criminosos julgados, tinham sido condemnados á morte só 89. No anno de 1833 aquelle país, tendo crescido em popula??o tinha diminuido em criminosos, pois só houve 4418, dos quaes apenas 74 foram condemnados á pena última.

Todos sabem que a popula??o da Inglaterra é bastante inferior á da Fran?a. A somma dos criminosos convencidos na Gr?-Bretanha era de pouco mais de 10:000 em 1829, sendo destes condemnados á pena última 1:311. Em 1832 houve 14:947 senten?as; n?o sabemos quantas de morte: mas basta-nos saber que a pena última imposta á nona parte dos criminosos em Inglaterra, em 1829, sendo em Fran?a, no mesmo anno, imposta á quinquagesima parte delles, n?o embara?ou que naquelle país a criminalidade fosse em progresso, emquanto neste foi em diminui??o.

Que prova isto? Que o supplício nada influe nas ac??es dos homens: que se devem buscar as causas que os levam a perpetrar delictos, para as remover, emvez de erguer cadafalsos, que destroem o criminoso, mas n?o impediram que elle o fosse. Um homem honrado ultrajado, n?o dista um passo de ser um assassino: n?o espereis que elle o seja, para depois o enforcardes: dai-lhe leis que tomem a seu cargo desaffrontá-lo. Um desgra?ado, rodeado de filhos, sem ter um bocado de p?o que lhes dê, vai converter-se num salteador da via pública; n?o espereis que elle o seja para depois o enforcardes: abri ao povo o caminho de ganhar a vida na lavoura, no commercio ou na industria, e os salteadores desapparecer?o. Uma crean?a de tenra idade mostra índole perversa, annuncia para a idade viril um malvado: moderai-lhe e torcei-lhe essa índole na infancia, creando uma educa??o pública, que n?o existe; n?o espereis que ella seja homem e criminoso, para depois a enforcades: guiai bem a mocidade e os crimes rarear?o.

Virá alguem com dizer que no estado actual da sociedade, existindo essas causas de crimes que apontámos, n?o é possivel apagar dos códigos criminaes as leis escriptas com sangue? P?r esta objec??o será daqui a cincoenta annos uma vergonha: ha tambem cincoenta annos que se julgava impossivel sustentar colonias sem o tráfico dos negros: quem, sem córar, se atreverá a dizê-lo hoje? Ainda ha pouquissimos séculos, os tractos e as fogueiras eram no entender de muitos politicos instrumentos necessarios da existencia social. No tempo dos hebreus era considerado o exterminio de ra?as inteiras como outro elemento da sociedade. Se conhecessemos a historia primitiva do género-humano, talvez lá achássemos ainda mais horriveis necessidades sociaes.

Felizmente o progresso intellectual e moral n?o pára: a última preocupa??o das épochas de barbaridade passará: a palavra algoz chegará a ser um archaismo: e os cadafalsos apodrecidos e roídos dos vermes ser?o algum dia, um monumento dos delirios e erros do passado.

A IMPRENSA

You'll also like

That Prince Is A Girl: The Vicious King's Captive Slave Mate.

Kiss Leilani

4.9

They don't know I'm a girl. They all look at me and see a boy. A prince. Their kind purchase humans like me for their lustful desires. And, when they stormed into our kingdom to buy my sister, I intervened to protect her. I made them take me too. The plan was to escape with my sister whenever we found a chance. How was I to know our prison would be the most fortified place in their kingdom? I was supposed to be on the sidelines. The one they had no real use for. The one they never meant to buy. But then, the most important person in their savage land-their ruthless beast king-took an interest in the "pretty little prince." How do we survive in this brutal kingdom, where everyone hates our kind and shows us no mercy? And how does someone, with a secret like mine, become a lust slave? . AUTHOR'S NOTE. This is a dark romance-dark, mature content. Highly rated 18+ Expect triggers, expect hardcore. If you're a seasoned reader of this genre, looking for something different, prepared to go in blindly not knowing what to expect at every turn, but eager to know more anyway, then dive in! . From the author of the international bestselling book: "The Alpha King's Hated Slave."

Moonlit Desires: The CEO's Daring Proposal

Weeble

4.9

As a simple assistant, messaging the CEO in the dead of night to request shares of adult films was a bold move. Bethany, unsurprisingly, didn't receive any films. However, the CEO responded that, while he had no films to share, he could offer a live demonstration. After a night filled with passion, Bethany was certain she'd lose her job. But instead, her boss proposed, "Marry me. Please consider it." "Mr. Bates, you're kidding me, right?"

Pregnant After One Night Stand With Billionaire

Feoma

5.0

6 years ago, Lydia suffered a brutal betrayal orchestrated by her own husband and step-sister, who drugged her and framed her. In a twist of fate, she ended up having a one-night stand with a stranger. Don't even remember what he looked like. Later, in the throes of death, she discovered the truth about her mother's death all those years ago. In the blink of an eye, she lost everything. 6 years later, Lydia returned with her genius son, vowing to exact revenge on all her enemies! Little did she know, she encountered an incredibly familiar man at the airport! *** The man was briskly pushing open the door to the restroom, heading to the urinal. Even with such a mundane action, he did it with unparalleled elegance and grace. Lydia, following him in a daze, saw his fierce lower body and suddenly snapped back to reality. She let out a high-pitched scream, instinctively covering her eyes with her hands, her cheeks flushed, and stood there stiffly, unsure of what to do. Lambert furrowed his brows slightly but remained calm as he continued to relieve himself. The sound of water hitting the urinal made Lydia's face even redder. She angrily shouted, "You pervert!" Little did Lydia know that Lambert, seeing her in this state, had a flicker of recognition in his eyes. Memories from many years ago flashed through his mind, and his heart couldn't help but stir. It was her!

Unspoken Hearts: My Neglected Mute Wife's Escape

Jenn Curlin

3.9

Kallie, a mute who had been ignored by her husband for five years since their wedding, also suffered the loss of her pregnancy due to her cruel mother-in-law. After the divorce, she learned that her ex-husband had quickly gotten engaged to the woman he truly loved. Holding her slightly rounded belly, she realized that he had never really cared for her. Determined, she left him behind, treating him as a stranger. Yet, after she left, he scoured the globe in search of her. When their paths crossed once more, Kallie had already found new happiness. For the first time, he pleaded humbly, "Please don't leave me..." But Kallie's response was firm and dismissive, cutting through any lingering ties. "Get lost!"

Poor Billionaire Wife: Who Is The Real Boss

Lloyd Perold

5.0

Everyone was shocked to the bones when the news of Rupert Benton's engagement broke out. It was surprising because the lucky girl was said to be a plain Jane, who grew up in the countryside and had nothing to her name. One evening, she showed up at a banquet, stunning everyone present. "Wow, she's so beautiful!" All the men drooled, and the women got so jealous. What they didn't know was that this so-called country girl was actually an heiress to a billion-dollar empire. It wasn't long before her secrets came to light one after the other. The elites couldn't stop talking about her. "Holy smokes! So, her father is the richest man in the world?" "She's also that excellent, but mysterious designer who many people adore! Who would have guessed?" Nonetheless, people thought that Rupert didn't love her. But they were in for another surprise. Rupert released a statement, silencing all the naysayers. "I'm very much in love with my beautiful fiancee. We will be getting married soon." Two questions were on everyone's minds: "Why did she hide her identity? And why was Rupert in love with her all of a sudden?"

When they touch me

Shelagh Milano

5.0

"I, Riccardo Saviano, future Alpha of the Grey Shadow Moon Pack, reject you, Artemisia Guerrieri, Daughter of Alpha Franco of the Blood Moon Pack, as my mate and future Luna." One single sentence. One stupid single sentence was all it took to disintegrate my life. And the day of my birthday, on which this sentence was audaciously uttered to me, I lost the love of my life, my future mate, and my wolf, all at once. As I'm still assembling the pieces of my shattered heart years later, there they come. Like lightning out of a crystal blue sky. My Mates. But wait... If I am mated to triplets, how come I'm about to be mated to 5 gorgeous men? *** TW: explicit and foul language; spicy content; explicit sex scenes ***

Opúsculos por Alexandre Herculano - Tomo 08

About

Contents

Chapter 1 No.1

Other books by Alexandre Herculano

Opúsculos por Alexandre Herculano - Tomo I

Opúsculos por Alexandre Herculano - Tomo II

Opúsculos por Alexandre Herculano - Tomo VII

Eurico o presbytero