them little services. Through his relations with the world of trainers and jockeys he had always the latest information as to races.

arket gardener. He attended the Revolutionary

ee Puech

ers, whose business was ruined by the competition of

ecorated, thanks to the influence of his father-in-law, and to the services which his father had rendered on the High Commissions at the time of the Coup d'Etat. He was disliked by Denizet, the examining magistrate, in whose eyes he represented the class

of the preceding. See Berth

and sent to Paris, where, by permission of Madame Grandjean, he came to see Rosalie, her maid, every Sunday. He was a goo

in lunched at her house on 26th August, 1870, at the hour when the S

nfirmed gambler, and a man of brutal manners. He died of apoplexy,

Parisian. He posed as a man who had experienced everything, and who no longer thought anything worthy of being taken seriously. Introduced behind the scenes of the Theatre des Varietes by his cousin Fauchery

dou and the village of Artaud. He was treated by Dr. Pascal Rougon for ataxy, but died after

of Sedan, and was wounded in the left arm, which was broken by a bullet. His father, who was a shopkeeper in Paris, was a customer of Delaherche, and he was removed to

d responsible for it. In reality, the election had been largely influenced by the clergy, combined with the old nobility. It was to counteract this influence that the Government sent Abb

. She was a favourite with all the salesmen, and as no one knew her nam

chapelle ardente, thanks to his pupils led by Pouillard. After he recovered from his fright he set a heavy

es Centrales. Josephine Dejoie was at

tte the wisdom of the Emperor conceding the privilege of pre

d Parisian novelties in all the villages wit

money, intended to set up for himself as a pork-butcher. He was engaged to his cousin Augustine Landois, who was also employed b

nt to learn shop management. She was engaged to

sed of dissolute conduct, and was superseded in hi

t; he accompanied her to Paris, when she left ho

ing for his support, and soon Gervaise was supporting him as well as her husband, who by this time was doing nothing. Gervaise, having become disgusted with her husband's intemperance, resumed her old relations with Lantier, and these continued till she was financially ruined, and her shop was taken over by Virginie Poisson. Lantier, having tr

Plassans in 1842. He was brought up by his paternal grandmother, but when sh

r, but a few years later an old gentleman of Plassans, a lover of pictures, who had been greatly struck by some daubs do

he was struck by the artistic possibilities of the Halles Centrales, the great provision markets of Paris, which he haunted in search of subjects for his brush. He was induced by Florent to attend one of the republican meetings in Lebigre's c

council which nominally had charge of Pa

inst poverty, a struggle beginning in high anticipation and ending in despair. After a long search for a subject for a picture which was to be his masterpiece, Claude selected a stretch of the river near Notre Dame, and into this he intended to put all those new theories of art with which he hoped to revolutionize the world. Everything was sacrificed to this picture; the small fortune left him by his early benefactor was gradually realized to provide food, and when it was exhausted there was little but starvation for the artist and his dependants. The work was begun in a frenzy of genius, but was constantly interrupted by doubts and indecision; it became a monomania, and under its influence Claude's mind gradually became unhinged; the family virus was at last showing itself. Christine was wholly taken up with her husband, and their child died of an illness due greatly to neglect. By this time

wife of the preceding. See C

and Gervaise Macquart, was born in 1846, and accompan

work in the rivet-making factory where he himself was employed. Later the boy was sent to Lille, where he was apprenticed to an old master of Goujet, an engineer in that

e him. He became more and more impressed with the sense of the hardships of the miners' lives, and his mind was also influenced by Souvarine, a confessed anarchist, beside whom he lodged. Gradually Etienne began to indoctrinate his companions with a spirit of revolt, and when the great strike broke out he became the leader. He did not, however, accept the extreme doctrines of Souvarine, and endeavoured to dissuade the strikers from doing damage to property. In this he was not altogether successful, and his influence became considerably lessene

ondemned to death. He was respited, and transported to Noumea, wher

man, with dark hair and a clear complexion. From childhood he had suffered from a complaint which the doctors did not understand, a pain in the head, behind the ears, accompanied by fever and an intense melancholy, which tempted him to hide like a suffering animal. When about sixteen years of age he became affected by a curious form of insanity, the desire to murder any woman of whom he became fond. "On each occasion it seemed like a

woman he could love without his lust for blood being evoked. At the request of Severine, Jacques promised to kill Roubaud, her husband, whom she had come to hate; but, though all the preparations were made, it was Severine herself whom he killed, in an accession of that homicidal rage which he imagined he had conquered. He escaped all suspicion, and calmly allowed Roubaud and Cabuche to be puni

he city did not agree with the child, who to make matters worse was much neglected, his mother being wholly taken up with her lover, and his father with art. He grew up puny, serious like a little man; at five years his head had grown quite o

. He had great strength, and consequently all the heavy work of his company was assigned to him. After the battle of Sedan, he was one of the prisoners on the Isle d'Iges, where driven frantic by famine, and instig

arms of Florent. It was by the aid of his papers that Florent, who had escaped from Cayenn

s sister, Madame de Llorentz, was one of the ladies-in-wai

MOISELLE DE). See

s private drawers. He acted for Saccard in many of the shady transactions in which he could not himself appear, and being en

ugh him that Busch came to know the p

r whom Joncquier had

e Mouret's salesmen, and his friend Lienard applauded her performance s

ed near Artaud. Pere Bambousse was anxious to ha

iry into the murder of Grandmorin. He was skilful in selecting the essential

s house, and having only his own body to care for, he determined to sell it dearly, and at each shot to bring down one of the enemy. He continued firing till his ammunition was exhausted, when he was taken prisoner by the Prussians,

h wealthy and avaricious. He went the length of re

rtain well-authenticated scandals, she managed to keep her high

uties were delicate, and in the circumstances useless. Lavigniere was disposed to approve of

), grandfather of Madame

GENIE DE). See

ment of the Cote d'Or. He was a friend of

r at the Cafe

Empire, whom Clorinde Balbi was able to gain over to t

at Havre railway sta

ccupying that which should by rights have belonged to the Roubauds, who on account of the generosity of their predecessor were relegated to rooms little more cheerful than a prison. She had a mania for spying upon her neighbours, and in the end caused so much ir

his friends held their meetings. He was a police spy. U

AME). See Lo

ouen. He was assessor at the trial of

ginning to desert those of Madame Bonnehon, her rival. It was said that to the influence of Madame Leboucq was largely

she subsequently regarded him with bitter ill-will. Along with Mlle. Saget, she took an active share in the gossip which partly led to the arrest of Florent and Gavard, and wrote an anonymous letter d

cquaintance of the Deb

aucourt, whose house was pillaged by the Prus

iselle. He was an associ

and notwithstanding a severe attack of gout, attended at the Chamber in order to v

s in Rue Neuve de la G

hom Charvet gave lesso

ice was executed the deed which established the jo

sisted of a grandmother, her daughter, and three granddaughters, all of whom lived by b

r of a dram-shop a

d cut the hair of the village, a trade learned by him when he was in the army. He professed strong Republican principles, though he was afraid to express his opinions too str

e preceding. She was always quarrell

eaudun, but after six months ran off to Paris where she led a gay life. Her return to her nativ

cription he was an awkward youth, but he returned a swaggering braggart

rse; mother of F

entle-looking lad, given to stealing stray bits of ham and sausage, which

Gavard lived in the Rue de la Cossonnerie. She act

yed by Madame Titreville. She left her t

nt to her house after leaving Bonneville, dr

nt at Plogof, in

them as little better than barbarians. In politics he had advanced views, but in consequence of his position he concealed them to a great exte

al flowers carried on by Madame Titreville. The eldest of the Coupeau family, she was "a tall, skinny, mannish-looking woman, who talked through her nose"; she lived a

ad abandoned her trade of artificial-flower-maker and lived upon her savings, scraped together sou by sou. Nana rented a s

a cafe in the neighbourh

ere and a week there, and offering his services from one farm to another when his employer did not want him. When there was a scarcity of work he begged on the high-roads, livin

arehouse on the Boulevard des Capucines. "Since his wife's death he had been taking his

LIETTE). See

Madame Deberle. She was a giddy young girl who went about everywhere with her father in the hope o

tegee of Madame Correur, who obtained a tobacc

was among the most reckless, and at the assault on the Voreux pit he was taken prisoner by the troops. His arrest made him a s

Maheu and of Philomene Levaque. He was three y

n many escapades. As Jeanlin became more daring and unscrupulous, Bebert and Lydie were drawn together in an affection born of their common fear of him. The thre

ngest child of Philomene,

to him. She had a delicacy of the chest and was unable to work underground. After the death of her hus

e was a bad housekeeper, and was roughly treated by her husband, who, however,

cquaintance of Madame De

at "The Ladies' Paradis

e married a peasant woman named Fouchard, who died in bringing Maurice and his twin sister Henriette into the world

y bought, decided to follow him there. By this time the fighting was going on fiercely, and when, after the greatest difficulties and dangers, she arrived at Bazeilles, she was only in time to see her husband shot before her eyes. She took refuge at Remilly, at the house of her uncle Fouchard, and devoted herself to the care of the wounded in the battle. Among these was Jean Macquart, who along with Maurice had escaped from captivity. After the war with Prussia was over,

and he at once enlisted in the 106th Regiment of the line, commanded by Colonel de Vineuil. He was put into the squad of Jean Macquart, against whom he had at first an aversion. Later, the kindness of Jean when he was worn out with fatigue practically saved his life, and they became close comrades, Maurice in turn saving Jean by carrying him, severely wounded,

ter-in-law of Durieu,

. Pascal Rougon after Grandguillot absconded and was able to recover a consi

an old friend of Clotilde Rougon, who was three years o

from that day he bowed submissively before his wife, whose commercial ability filled him with respect. She earned more than twenty thousand francs a year in the dress department of 'The Ladies' Paradise,' whilst he only drew a fixed salary of five

department at "The Ladies' Paradise," was able to make a large income. She was far from friendly to Denise Baudu, but seeing ultimately t

es' Paradise" through the influence of his mother. He was careless in his work, and was repeatedly reprimanded, causing his parents much anxiety; ult

member of Pauline's family council, and cons

adies' Paradise." His spare time was spent in idleness and debauchery, and when h

Mouret and Abbe Faujas regarding the Home for Girls which they founded, and

ougon to rescue the Town Hall, which had been occupied by the Republicans. He was so

Amelie, the daug

of the Lorilleux in Rue de

wners who joined the transport syndica

ny religious feeling, and when she came to decorate the church for the festival of

Madame Titreville, the artific

arded as irreproachable. This was, however, a somewhat too favourable estimate, and her com

by Jacques Lantier up to the time of the terrible

e, was the widow of General de Llorentz. She carried on an intrigue with De Massy, and was said to hol

volutionary meetings at Lebigre's wine shop, and made violent speech

ted to the Mayor, Alexandre Hourdequin, on whose farm

e band of brigands led by

od of the Halles Centrales. Mademoiselle Saget made

ho looked much older than his age, and suffered from a constant cough. Miserly and spiteful,

ous that her custom was to examine the soles of her visitors' boots lest they should depart with any adhering gold dust. From the first she resented her brother's marriage, and took every opportuni

were said to have been cured of illnes

ed his comrade Chouteau to carry Sapin to the ambulance, spending the rest of the day in a tavern. After the capitulation of the French army, Loubet was made a prisoner. Along

ve Saint-Augustin. He was the father o

preceding, and mother of Mada

ERIE). See Th

r at her house in the Ave

man. He drove Cabuche's wagon on the evening of t

who was inclined to treat him as an inferior. In the attack by the Prussians on the Calvary d'Illy Louis

ller, who was famous for h

ess at the Pala

ifteen she went as maid-servant to Madame Jazeur, but not pro

by his aunt, Madame Lerat, who removed him to Batignolles. He was a delicate child, pale and scrofulous, bearing a legacy of ill-health deriv

garded by nearly everyone as an outcast. As a maid-servant in the house of Madame Bonnehon, she attracted the notice of President Grandmorin, and fleei

which belonged

hich belonged

res. Mounted by Gresham, it was the favourite

short sojourns in the town he drank to great excess. He became the lover of Adelaide Fouque in 1789, less than a year after the death of her husband, and had two children by her, Antoine and Ursule Macquart. A man of violent and unrestrained passions, and of incorrigibly lazy habits, he retained complete influence over Adelaide, and they lived in the same r

aise, and Jean. His wife died in 1850, and soon after his daughter Gervaise and his son Jean, who had assisted to keep him in idleness, ran off. He had a bitter ill-will towards his brother Pierre Rougon, and, chiefly with a view to his annoyance, expressed strong Republican principles. For the same reason he took every opportunity of teaching these principles to his young nephew Silvere Mouret. After the Coup d'Etat he took an active share in the agitation which resulted in a Republican rising. When the Insurgen

as believed that his brother Pierre Rougon was keeping him. Notwithstanding this, he had great ill-will towards the Rougons, and lost no opportunity of annoying them. Partly with this object, and partly at the instigation of Abbe Fenil, who wished to be reve

ed to be preserved by it. One day, as he was sitting helpless with drink and smoking his pipe, he set fire to his clothes, and his body, soaked as it was with ardent spirits, was burned to the last bone. Felicite Rougon chanced to enter the house just as the conflagration began, but she did nothing to stop it, and went silently away. The

), wife of the preceding

was slightly lame from birth. She was apprenticed to a laundress, but

f to Paris with Lantier and her children, Claude, a boy

th money borrowed from the Goujets, and had started a laundry in it. She was at first successful, but in time grew lazy and fond of good living, while Coupeau continued idle and became increasingly intemperate. Business began to go, and Gervaise became more careless, even taking more drink occasionally than she had been wont to do. About this time Lantier, her former lover, appeared again, and made friends with Coupeau, who agreed to take him into the house as a lodger. After that, the descent of Gervaise was rapid. Lantier never paid anything for his support, Coupeau drank more heavily than ever, and Gervaise, who was gradually drifting into intemperance, resumed her old connec

ance. Lisa did not like people who were unfortunate, and she was ash

of money from time to time while he

he only children of

Zola in La For

Oeuvre, and Ger

he hero, Jacques La

child of t

Jean's father took advantage of his simple nature and made him give up his whole earnings to assist in keeping

ie to make some repairs, he stayed on to assist at the harvest, and eventually became a regular farm servant. He was not popular, however, with the peasants, who resented his having had a trade before he came back to the soil. He became acquainted at Rognes with Mouche and his daughters, Lise and Francoise, and eventually married the latter, in

urn saved the other's life. After the battle, they were made prisoners, but escaped, Jean receiving a severe wound during their flight. They took refuge at Remilly in the house of Fouchard, and Jean was nursed by Henriette Weiss, Levasseur's sister. Under her care, the wounded man came to dream of the possibility of a life of happiness with this woman, so tender, so sweet, and so active, whose fate had been so sad. But the chances of war were too hard; Maxime returned to Paris, and after the conclusion o

circumstances, whose land he cultivated. Calm and sensible, always at his plough, his wife simple and strong, he rai

t wife of the preceding. See

wife of Jean Macquart. See Me

n she was taken as maid-servant by the wife of the postmaster at Plassans, who

kindly, and at once proposed to hand over to him his share of the money and property left by Gradelle, his uncle, which, however, he refused to accept. After a time she became tired of always seeing her brother-in-law about the house doing nothing, and was the means of making him accept the situation as Inspector at the Fish Market. When she heard of the Revolutionary meetings in Lebigre's wine-shop and of the leading part taken by Florent, she became greatly alarmed, more especially as Quenu had begun to accompany his brother occasionally. She succeeded in frightening her husband into giving up the meetings, and made it clear to Florent that he was no longer welcome in her house. Alarmed by the gossip of Mlle. Saget and others as to the progress of the conspiracy, she determined,

decomposition of the b

arried in 1810 a hatter named Mouret and went to live at Marseilles. She

his wife listened to him, they would have shut up the shop, but she was so fiercely set on money-making that she would not do so. There was a rivalry of long standing between the Macquerons and the Lengaignes, which frequently br

a true passion for money-making. She was continually qu

e schoolmaster, whom she heartily disliked, as she felt flattered by the notice of the only man of education whom she knew. She had a fancy for the son of a neighbouring

founded by Princess d'Orviedo. Her mother was unable to look after her properl

latness of the vast plain of La Beauce, and especially by the religious indifference of his parishioners, he soon fell into ill-health, on one occasion

d the Lorilleux. The business was not prosperous, as he spent all his earnings on drink. He was one of Coupeau's

church. Politically he was a Legitimist, and he was a friend of M. Rastoil, a

trained too much by their father, the two brothers Maffre were especially intimate wi

the magistrate at Plassans, aged

. He married Gilberte de Vineuil, but d

E), see Gilber

cate, but of precocious intelligence, and was able to assist her mother in many ways, sacrifici

ated her so abominably that she eventually returned home. As a result of the terrible catastrophe brought about by Souvarine, she was imprisoned at the bottom of the pit along with Chaval and Etienne. A

nt Maheu, aged three months. Her constant

n, he found rich coal at Requillart, the Montsou Company's first pit, and the

ld of Toussaint Maheu, a

ie Pierron to commit petty thefts, with the proceeds of which he concealed himself in a disused mine. His criminal tendencies increased until he was unable to resist the inclination to kill one of the soldier

was always fighting with her brother Henri, who was very like her in

heu. He was killed by a landslip in the pit,

a considerable time under the influence of the doctrines taught by Etienne Lantier when he was selected by his comrades to place their views before the officials of the company. In the great strike which followe

CENT). See

two children. The strike interested him very little, and he spent most of his time playing crosse with Mouquet. But when his sister Catherine was entombed in the pit he was one of the first to come forward to the

e part. Even after she had seen him killed by the bullets of the soldiers, she was furious with those who talked of submitting. But further tragedies broke her spirit; her son Zacharie was killed in an attempt to rescue his sister, en

liged at the end of his term to enter the employment of a manufacturer of church statues. Later, however, he met with Claude Lantier and other companions from Plassans, and under their influence his ambitions revived. He installed himself in a studio in Rue du Cherche-Midi, and there set about the production of a colossal work entitled La Vendangeuse (the Vintage Girl), for which Madame Mathilde Jabouille s

He was a greedy, rapacious man, and during the strike made the women furious by refusing credit. For other reasons also they hated him, and his shop was one of the first places attacked by the maddened strikers. In terror Maigrat took refuge

the attack by the strikers she was a witness of the death of her husband and of the terrible events which followed. Up at the window she stood motionless; but

ise was concealed a keen knowledge of art, combined with a ferocious skill in bargaining. As a superb liar, moreover, he was without an equal. He was satisfied with a small profit, but never purchased in the morning without knowi

e, and the drama, and pretended to be bored with everything. Madame Deberle, being carried away by his attentions, was foolish enough to promise to meet him at a flat

SE). See Mada

was the owner of the omnibus which ran betwe

e required. She was always ready to receive the secrets of others, but never told anything about herself. It was said that she lived

given by Angelique to F

n, who was to some extent dependent on the

kets in Paris. He was the employer of

r at the Paris Halles Cen

aments in Rue Saint-Sulpice. Mademoiselle Men

g swindle by Vandeuvres, Marechal lost a large sum over a filly named Nana, and, his suspicions havin

uge hands of an old workman; one of his delights was to carry off the knives and scissors of his tenants, which he sharpened himself for his own amusement. He owned the large tenement-house on

. He was ambitious and hoped to become a member of the Corps Legislatif through the influence of his friend Saccard, whose brother Eugene Rougon was a Minister of State.

ame of a noble and wealthy family, but lived such a fast

d plain-looking, but with fascinating manners, she married Maxime Saccard, to whom she

unaire in her house to attend to the

onstruct and the buildings to buy. Moved by the success of Dubuche at the School of Art, and by the recommendations of his masters there, Margaillan took the young architect into partnership, and agreed to his marriage with his daughter Regine. Unfortunately, Dubuche showed deplorable incapacity i

iddle-classes, whose family history was a bad one, and after suffer

y derived from her mother, which in turn she handed to her two children, Gaston and Alice. It was frequently necessary for her to leave

at the Theatre d

with one or other of the market-women. Later on he lived with Madame Chantemesse, who had adopted Cadine, another foundling, and the two children grew up together, becoming inseparabl

eur, where Gervaise Macquart and Lantier p

man who formerly served in the navy, and had h

gave herself entirely to Pascal, leaving Martine with no other resource but prayer. She was extremely avaricious, but when the doctor was ruined, her devotion was such that she used some of her own money to purchase the necessaries of life for him. Distracted at the sudden death of her master, and in the hope of saving him from damnation, she as

d between her and his wife. Soon thereafter, Madame Correur, knowing him to be in bad health, denounced him as a dangerous Republican to Rougon, then Minister of the Interior, and his arrest followed. The shock, together with

of the preceding. Son E

Corps Legislatif. Marsy, who was said to be the son of a queen, was brilliant, immoral, and unscrupulous. He was the chi

ance of his wife, and was obliged to double his salary by giving private lessons,

had a perfect mania for spending money on clothes, and never visited "The Ladies' Paradise" without buying innumerable articles for which she had no need

y her mother as an excuse for some of her extravagance, as she dressed her like herself, with all t

alytic to whom Angelique sh

s, the shepherd. It shared the hatred

s employed by Saccard after the foundation of the Universal Bank, and by speculating in the shares he made a considerable fortune. With the downfall of the institution

he Town Hall from the Republicans who had occupied it. He was so excited that when he got

roops which crushed the Republican r

k who worked on the farm

of the family. The death of this animal greatly accelerated the unreasoning fear of inevita

ss at the Theatre

whose shop was near that of

went on in his parish, he recognized the impossibility of stopping it, and did what he could to hide it under the cloak of religion. When the scandal a

ould have his fortune intact when he was dead and gone. He was a careful man, averse from speculation, but having on one occasion made a small venture, he gradually became imbued with the craze. The phenomenal success of the Universa

tered into by her husband. She soon got infected with the craze, and became even more reckless than h

LLE). See Madame

tarter at the racecou

own as their candidate. At the election he only received about fifteen hund

he Commune. It was he who drew up the certificate of

th all the great bankers, and was reputed to have a second cousin employed at the Havas News Agency. After the foundation of the Universal Bank, he became the official broker of that institution, and the great gamble in its shares resolved itself into a duel between him and Jacoby, the one buying

her husband a considerable fortune. She had two children, a girl and a boy.

ging Committee of the Salon was elected by the artists themselves, Mazel was chosen president. In the selection of picture

able. Hazard, one of his horses, r

She was a cousin of Rosalie Chavaille, mother of Victor Saccard, on whose death she was left with the boy to bring up. On discovering the paternity of Victor some years later, she and

e had a son to Maxime Rougon in 1857, and was sent to live

hildren, and would have lived happily but for the husband's dislike to her eldest child,

ween them, Louise going to the general fish-market, while Claire installed herself among the fresh-water fish. "From that time the old mother, although she pretended to have retired from business altogether, woul

rs. When Florent became Inspector at the Fish Market, Claire took his part against her mother and sister, but afterwards went to the opposite extreme when his relations with Louise had become

aving Louise with a son, who was known in the market by the nickname of Muche. When Florent was first appointed Inspector in the Fish Market, Louise, who had quarrelled with his sister-in-law

ciety of the Second Empire. She was a friend of M

f the Gregoires, with whom she ha

The latter was anxious for promotion, in order that his old servant

Christine in their cottage there, and greatly amused them by her stupidity. After the death of the Fancheurs,

ears, but her sight failed and she was obliged to give up work. Fortunately she received a small legac

ne occasion found her with Gueulin, his nephew, under compromising circumstanc

pointed by Eugene Rougon, through the influence

occasionally asked by his friends to join such parties of pleasure as paid by contract for their entertainment, in order that they might watch th

oissonniere. The Coupeaus bought their bread fr

s chiefs for his absence, when he stayed away through ill-health. He was often ill, but he obtained promotion at each illness."

nation to get on at any cost, she secured the influence of her husband's superiors

name of Marie Ch

who assisted to decorate the church for the fes

ations in building land during the early days of the Second Empire. Along with Cha

were the best of friends, and lived together on the earnings of the wife, who exploited her beauty not less than her talents. Mignon was always on the

younger son of t

Along with his brother Charles he was

which is peculiar to the gamins of Paris. It was she who, annoyed by the rivalry of Nana, one day made Comte de Muffat aware of the liaison between his wife and Fauchery. She was

was successful to a considerable extent before its discovery; his dismissal followed, but there was no prosecution, as the firm preferred not to bring its intern

-Externe (The Skeleton Day-Boarder) on account of his extreme thinness. Against the r

ich belonged to the Chan

iling health prevented her from leaving the house. For this little man, silently and without anger, was slowly poisoning his wife with a powder which he placed in the salt which she ate. This crime, patient and cunning, had for its cause a legacy of a thousand francs left to Aunt Phasie by her father, a legacy which she had hidden, and refused to hand over to Misard. But the old

fe of the preceding

his father's race, whom, however, he was brought up to hate. Hidden behind his mother, he wa

army. During his absence Silvine fell a victim to the wiles of Goliath Steinberg, and a child, Charlot, was born, Steinberg having previously disappeared. She had all along loved Honore, and when he passed through Remilly on his way to fight the Prussians he forgave her, and promised to marry her on his return. When she heard that he had been killed in the battle of

took him to the children's party at

dread of some imminent catastrophe. In consequence of his views, he was known on the Bourse as "bear" Moser. Speculating heavily against the rise in the

ed the family dwelling-house and some land, but was dissatisfied with his share and continued to accuse his brother and sister, though forty years had elapsed, of having robbed him when the lo

gradually led to a change of feeling between the two sisters, for after the marriage of Lise to Buteau a division of the land should have been made. Buteau and his wife on various pretexts put off this division, and it was only on the marriage of Francoise to Jean Macquart that it was carried out. An entire estrangement between the two families followed, and

ltimately her whole desire was to avoid the necessity of a division of her father's estate between her sister and herself. Moved by these feelings, her love for Francoise became transformed into a hatred so intense that she did not hesitate to assist her husband in attempting to bring about the girl's ruin. In the end, havi

n-master at Havre along wit

tle woman, timid and weak, who was seldom seen. She h

who gave the cue to Madame Daigremont

acted as caretaker at a ruined mine known as the Requillart, where the company had given him two r

ed at the Voreux pit. During the strike he went out of curiosity to see the attack by the strikers on

where he was caretaker. She was present at the attack by the strikers on the soldiers guarding the Voreux, and when the fatal

devoted to his wife, and a year after her death in 1839, he hanged himself in a cupboard where her dre

e preceding. See Ursule Mac

of Francois Mouret, and sister of Oc

er mother fell under the influence of Abbe Faujas, and began entirely to neglect her family, Francois Mo

ndsome girl, but her mind had never developed, and she was still like a young child. Her love of animals had become a passion, an

he became cure, and she continued innocent and hea

ncle, Pierre Rougon, whose daughter Marthe he married in 1840. They had three children, Octave, Serge, and Desiree. On th

sans by the Government to undermine the existing clerical influence there, which had been exercised in support of the Marquis de Lagrifoul. Mouret was a man of narrow and restricted intellect, and his peculiarities became more and more marked as the Abbe Faujas gradually came to dominate the household and induce Madame Mouret to neglect her husband and family for the service of the Church. By degrees Mouret came to be regarded as insane, and his wife having had several epileptic attacks, he was accused of having caused the injuries she had really inflicted on her

), wife of the preced

ter of Mouret and Ursule Macquart

days he died, leaving his wife with one daughter, a young girl of ten. Helene, who was a woman of singular beauty, had no friends in Paris except Abbe Jouve and his half-brother M. Rambaud, but from them she received much kindness. Her daughter Jeanne was far from strong, having inherited much of the hereditary neurosis of her mother's family, along with a consumptive tendency from that of her father. A sudden illness of the girl led to an acquaintance with Doctor Deberle, and this ripened into love between him and Helene, thou

, in a house which he owned near Marseilles, close to the seashor

40, son of Francois Mour

is father was much annoyed at this, and sent him off to Marseilles to enter a commercial business. The reports regarding him were, however, u

o take Holy Orders, renounced his share of his father's fortu

council which nominally had charge of Pa

ent. He resigned his situation, and went as salesman to Auguste Vabre, a neighbouring silk merchant. Vabre's wife (nee Berthe Josserand) was not on good terms with her husband, and a liaison was formed between her and Octave Mouret, which subsisted for some time before it was discovered by Vabre, who received information from Racha

sforges was not the only entanglement of its kind. On the introduction of Madame Desforges he came to know Baron Hartmann, director of the Credit Immobilier, who became interested in him, and eventually found the money necessary to carry out the vast schemes of extension which he had long had in mind. By this time Denise Baudu had come to "The Ladies' Paradise" as a saleswoman, and from the first Mouret had taken an inter

ime he had become very rich, was decorated with the Legion of Honour, and was

s wife Denise Baudu, whom he adored, though he again began to lead a somewhat irregular life. Their little g

g to note that by a

le refers to Octa

tion for his bache

and states that at

r business life, be

there to make a su

d pounds), which h

ri

irst wife of the preceding.

second wife of Octave

1, son of Francois Moure

o to Paris to study for the bar. The state of his health caused his departure to be delayed, and meantime he, like his mother, fell under the influence of Abbe Faujas. Ultima

ing his reason, removed him to Paradou, the neglected demesne of a ruined mansion, where he left him in the care of Albine, the keeper's niece. Here Serge slowly recovered his health, though the memory of his past was gone, and his mental development was that of a boy. In that enchanted garden, lush with foliage and with the scent of flowers, the drama of life unfolded, and Serge, loving Albine, and oblivious of his vows unwittingly broke them. A chance

Desiree. He showed a fine humility, refusing all preferment from his bishop, waiting for death like a

dreamings. "He was predisposed to Utopian ideas by certain hereditary influences; his grandmother's nervous disorders became in him a chronic enthusiasm, striving after everything that was grandiose and impossible." His Uncle Antoine Macquart, who hoped through him to annoy the Rougons, encouraged him in his Republi

iest at Plassans. La

the Coup d'Etat. He was made prisoner, and was led to Plassans, tied by the arm to Silvere Mouret, who had

e Quenus, and was a favourite of l

nown in the market. He was befriended by Florent, w

ho was always hand-in-glove with the priests, and had an authoritative manner, which bent every one to her will. Her daughter

-respect seemed too high a price to pay for her favour. Disgusted for a time by her liaison with Fontan, he left her, and turned for amusement to Rose Mignon, but the infatuation for Nana reasserted itself, and he recovered her good graces by inducing Bordenave to give her a part which she greatly desired in La Petite Duchesse, a play by Fauchery. He spent vast sums upon Nana, giving her a magnificent house in the Avenue de Villiers. Her influence over him became complete, and he even accepted Daguenet, her former lover, as his son-in-law. He overlooked

E), wife of the preceding.

thin and insignificant, seldom speaking, but after her marriage to Daguene

rite actress at the Theat

d aspired to be her lover. He received an appoint

ee Anna

al races, and when run for the Grand Prix de Paris was looked on as an outsider. The s

ch. Referred to in Son Excellence

ns, and soon became a man of consequence. His Jewish caution prevented him from becoming involved with Saccard in the affair

lt severely the competition of Octave M

mber of Pauline's family council, and conse

or art. But he unfailingly scented success; he guessed what artists ought to be taken up, not the ones likely to develop the genius of a great painter, but the one whose deceptive talent, set off by a pretended display of audacity, would command a premium in the market. He speculated, in fact, on the ignorance and vanity of amateurs. It was he who invente

ed to a captain, and after she became a widow lived at Avignon on a small income, conten

ennebeau, notwithstanding a liaison which subsisted between her and Negrel, planned for him a marriage with Cecile Gregoire, an arrangement which was only prevented by the murder of the girl by old Bonn

berle admired the realistic manner in which sh

isions, who went around the nei

riquet of Louise Mehud

hand of Clorinde Balbi after having seen her at a ball in the

ite lover of Blanc

e sources of his wealth; stories not more creditable than those told of the armed bandits of former days, for his robberies, though less open,

p the great house in the Rue Saint-Lazare and retired with a maid to three rooms on the second floor, where she lived the life of a recluse. From thenceforth she lived solely for deeds of charity on a colossal scale. During five years she founded the St. Mary's Infant Asylum, the St. Joseph's Orphan Asylum, an Asylum for the aged at Chatillon, a hospital in the suburbs of Paris, and an institution known as L'Oeuvre du Travail, in which were boarded three hundred waifs and strays from the streets of Paris. On these foundatio

courage him. He was dismissed from his post on account of grave negligence caused by Flore, who distracted his attention in order that he might allo

example of his companions, however, made him a bad soldier, and during the battle of 1st September, 1870, he left the ranks, and took refuge in a tavern. After the capitulation of Sedan, he was imprisoned along with his regiment

the neighbourhood o

seller at the Central Markets

ny, however, the Bishop omitted to make reference to her services, and she took great offence, becoming afterwards very irregular in her work, and declining to perform any duties that she did not fancy. This ultimately led to the appointment of a paid Secretary for the institution, Honore Trouche, the brother-in-law of Ab

ils of the college of Plassans to the y

o a scullery-maid employed there. It was alleged that there was a love-idyl

CTEUR). See P

nary surgeon at

the ambulance at Remilly. He received the name because he continually repeated the words regarding himself, saying that his

g him an artist. He was a lover of Clarisse Bocquet, and pilfered from

en acres of land when he married La Grande, who brought him s

e of the preceding. S

n marrying a poor youth named Vincent Bouteroue, her mother cast her out. Misfortunes pursued the y

violence. His wife lived at Paris, while Philomene Sauvagnat helped him to pass the hours he was compelled to spend at Havre, an arrangement which had the concurrence of Victoire. Pecqueux had the devotion of a dog for his comrade Jacques Lantier, who concealed his vices and shared with him a love for their engine, "La Lison." Philomene, however, excited his jealousy by her attentions to Lantier,

stage by the Republican insurgents and was inadvertently shot

e he was afraid to compromise himself with Abbe Faujas, but having received a hint from Madame de Condamin, who had influential friends in Paris, he allied hi

e Lorilleux. He was a fur

o promised to take him to the children's

e which was largely the scene of the downfall of Co

concierge, to do cleaning work. Terrorized by his b

he level crossing. It was a miserable existence, without neighbours or any one to speak to, without even anything to look at, except the trains constantly rushing past. Aunt Phasie, as she had always been called by Jacques Lantier, was a tall, handsome woman, but since her second marriage she had aged so rapidly that at forty-five she looked over sixty. The truth was that between her and Misard there was going on a duel to the death; Aunt Phasie had received a legacy of a thousand francs from her father,

the Grand Prix de Paris. It was

by Octave Mouret. His means were small, and he was obliged to work hard, frequen

t up. A dreamy unpractical woman, she fell under the influence of Octave Mouret, her next-door neighbour, and a liais

ant daughter of the p

o Paris by Abbe Jouve on the recommendation of a village priest, in whose house she had been brought up. She se

ead with fatigue and slightly wounded, was left behind in a ditch with his comrade Coutard of the first corps. They were only able to rejoin the army at Rhe

expressed disbelief in the success of

. He had a wooden leg, from which h

requented by a certain class of demi-mondaines. Laure appeared to be on intima

who lived in Rue Campagne-Premiere

erle's butler.

es. He was waiter in the dining-room of t

ike he betrayed his companions, giving information to the company through Dansaert, his wife's lover. After the attack on the pit Pierron was arrested by mistake, and was taken off with handcuf

it. Her constant companions were Jeanlin Maheu and Bebert Levaque, with whom she made many raids in search of food d

considerable source of revenue. Dansaert, the head captain of the Voreux pit, was her lover, and through him she obtained various favours, giving him

wonderful nose kept betraying his presence behind

essness; he declared that he plunged into catastrophes whenever he paused

s was seriously affected when Octave Mouret added a furnitur

net at Montsou, where C

ic, and later, when the Emperor granted him the refuge of the Senate, he was a Bonapartist. He was a man of high birth and breeding, and though a sceptic, defended religion and fami

s. He had been Etienne Lantier's foreman at Lille, and at his request came to Montsou to address the mi

e of a wolf. He was the owner of an old cottage, which Claude Lantier and C

ied Virginie, who afterwards went into business as a dealer in groceries and sweetmeats in the shop previously occupied by Gervaise Coupeau. Auguste Lantier, who had for some time

of the preceding. See

nged to Rasseneur, and was a fa

en in Paris. Now, for the sake of a laugh, the women of the district made her dr

Abbe Faujas on behalf of the Government's candidate for the representation of Plassans by the promise of an a

d was supposed to afford the worst possible example to the youth of Plassans, whom he was believed to lead into all kinds of mischief. Ultimately, as a rew

assans. While there he was an inveterate practical joker, one of his escapades bei

Bonheur des Dames. She was able to play the piano, a talent o

Paris. "Diplomatist, painter, musician, and lover." A

mounted the filly Nana in t

erred to in Son Exce

as well as fulfilling the duties of Mayor's clerk. He eked out a livelihood by gathering she

s Varietes, where he played in La Blo

at the conduct of his daughter Clara, he threatened to go to Paris

situation in "The Ladies' Paradise." She lived a fast life, and, after alluring Colomban aw

nd Lacamp, oil-dealers in Plassans; was fath

licite, the daughter of the senior partner. The money put into the business by Rougon retrieved the position of the f

). See Madame F

an woman of forty-five, "who worked at her ironing table without even taking off her bonnet, a black bo

strike, the energetic position taken up by him saved the Mir

ter, M. Quenu died, leaving a son. Madame Quenu lavished all her affection on Florent, her elder son, and stinted herself to the verge of starva

ll as to a considerable sum of money, he ultimately succeeded. After his uncle's death he married Lisa Macquart, who had previously assisted in the shop, and they had a daughter, Pauline. Business prospered, and the Quenus were soon in a position to remove to larger premise

is wife, leaving a will under which M. Chanteau, his cousin

wife of the precedi

ble child, she unwittingly gave Mlle. Saget, who bullied her, information regarding her uncle Florent's his

er cousin Lazare. As she grew up and her nature developed, it became more and more her pleasure to sacrifice herself to her friends. She allowed her fortune to be squandered by the Chanteaus, and though engaged to be married to Lazare, she re

solved never to marry, in order that she might devote herse

ose business was seriously affected by the competit

when the place was attacked by the Prussians. Early in the day, his mother was killed by a cannon ball, and the poor child lay for hours tossing with fever a

fore the battle all the workers made their escape into Belgium, but Francoise was unable to leave on account of the illne

h she left the child Angelique in the care of him and his wife. They treated the girl w

not bribe her sufficiently, she revealed their intrigue to Vabre. She acted as his housekeeper

e death of her husband, and was a constant visitor at her house. Later on, the Abbe tried to arrange a marriage between Rambaud and Helene, but at her request the decision was delayed. Meantime the love episo

become a cousin of Madame Lisa Quenu, he was appointed a member of the family

with his wife, whom he

ife of the precedin

d he subsequently married Mademoiselle Leveque. When Doctor Pascal was seized with an affection of the heart, Ramond dia

preceding. See Mademoiselle

ll the horrors produced by the strike at Montsou. Upon the troops who had been called on to fire upon the strikers, he called down the anger of God, predictin

hrown out of work he became an innkeeper himself. It was in his house that Etienne Lantier found lodgings when he first came to Montsou, and Souvarine also lodged there. Rasseneur's readiness of speech gave him great influence with the miners, but a rivalry arose between him and Lantier, whose new theories caught the popular

nd they subsequently worked together to extend the business, in which they had considerable success. She was much more radic

and his house was used as a convenient meeting-place for the party. For some time he refused to compromise his political position with Abbe Faujas, who had all along concealed his opinio

M. Delangre was still remembered with amusement in the cafes. She was consulted by Madame Mouret regarding the

assans. Though twenty-six years old, and now very yellow and shrewish-looking, she still ad

geline, she was plain-looking, and posed as a girl fresh from school

to the position which his father held. The latter was anxiously dreaming of making him a substitute, despairing of his ever succeeding in winning any practice for himself." On the suggestion of Abbe Faujas he took a sh

of the wounded to be taken to the ambulance in Delaherche's house on 1st September, 1870. In March, 1871, captain Ravaud was at Par

stable. Bramah, one of his horses, on

Fouque property when it was sold by Pierre Rougon. After the death of his wife Rebufat a

rew." She was a sister of Chantegreil, and was therefore the aunt of Miett

old, a sickly, squint-eyed creature, who cherished an implac

Goutte d'Or as the Coupeaus and the Lorilleux, where she made a scanty livelihood by

ste Vabre and Berthe Josserand. He acted in concert with Duveyrier in selling s

lle. Josephine Dejoie was at one

ere Mouret during a struggle for possession of a carbine after t

rtunes in Europe. He was a friend of Clorinde Balbi, and from her receive

r at the college of Plassans. He was su

and the troops, and even when bricks were being thrown he went between two parties, imploring one and advisi

firm of Piot and Rivoir

e was jealous of Nana's relations with Satin, and revenged herself by wr

Universal Bank. He was selected for the position in the belief that he woul

M. Gaujean, a silk manufacturer who had quarrelled with Octave Mouret, promised to give him unlimited credit. Robineau's intention was to break up the monopoly of the cheaper class of silks which Mouret had secured, but he soon found that each reduction in price which he made was m

the charming awkwardness of a girl educated in a Blois convent." Her small fortune enabled her husband to buy the silk business of M. Vincard, and she assis

bigre's wine-shop. He sat for hours listening to arguments but

e Saint-Denis. No one ever entered their house, and even her persona

cquaintance of the Deb

e, he ceased to manure the land, allowing it to go to ruin. He

the matter of the succession to Chevassu's estate, but was beaten by Eugene Rougon, the M

was promoted to a lieutenancy after Solferino. Fifteen years of hardship and heroic bravery was the price he had paid to be an officer, but his education was so defective that he could never be made a captain. He held the old traditions that a defeat of the French army was impossible, and all through the campaign again

of the Government, and, standing as an independent candidate, was defeated. Later, in consequence of the disgrace of M. de Chedev

rge sum, which he said had been due since 1808. Eugene Rougon, the Minister of State,

ady much reduced by enforced sales, was declared national property in

ciety at whose house Baroness Sandorff

woman lived all alone, sick and without a coppe

Lebigre's wine-shop.

ed her mistress in the religious observances which led to the neglect of her family. Later, when Madame Mouret's health became impaired, and she became subject to fi

Artaud; sister of Lisa.

the violence of the strikers, as, belonging to that district, s

formation regarding the course of the battle, as she was in a position to hear the gossip of the officers and officials. When Napoleon

r the pretext of nursing him, but in reality with a view to hastening the course of a nervous disease from which the young man s

or three years Roubaud's married life was a happy one, until a chance lie of his wife's gave him a clue to her former relations with Grandmorin. Driven frantic by jealousy, he forced her to reveal the truth, afterwards compelling her to become his accomplice in the murder of the President in the Havre express. The Roubauds established an alibi, though slight suspicion attached to them, and Denizet, the examining magistrate, endeavoured to fasten the crime on Cabuche. For political reasons it was not considered desirable that Grandmorin's character should be publicly discussed, and the inquiry regarding the murder was dropped. Roubaud was aware, however, that Jacques Lantier had strong suspicions, and tried to secure his silence by making him a friend; a friendship which soon developed

the preceding. See Sever

tical meetings held in the Rougons' yel

ncois, leader of the band of brigands. He w

the sisters Mouche at the

fterwards married Adelaide. Fifteen months afterwards he died fr

he and his wife were in such poverty that he was at last compelled to seek a situation. He procured a place at the Sub-Prefecture, where he remained nearly ten years, and only reached a salary of eighteen hundred francs. During that time "he longed, with ever-increasing malevolence and rancour, for those enjoyments of which he was deprived" by his lowly position. In 1848, when his brother Eugene left for Paris, he had a faint idea of following him, but remained in the h

with an increased salary. At this period great schemes of city improvement were under discussion, and Aristide by spying and other shady means got early information as to the position of the proposed new streets. Great chances of fortune were arising, but he had no capital. The death of his wife enabled him to enter into a plan proposed by his sister Sidonie, who had heard of a family willing to make a considerable sacrifice to find a not too inquisitive husband for their daughter. He accordingly married Renee Beraud du Ch

s family council to be her "surro

te for the purpose of carrying some of them out. With this view the Universal Bank was formed, and was at first very successful. By persistent advertising, and other means, the shares of the Bank were forced to an undue price, and then Saccard began to speculate in them on behalf of the Bank itself. The great financier Gundermann, with whom Saccard had quarrelled, then began a persistent attack on the Bank, selling its shares steadily day after day. Saccard continued to buy as long as he was able; but the end came, the price broke, and he,

every bribe. In 1872 he was actively engaged in journalism, having been appointed Director of the Epoque, a Republican journal which made a great success by publishing the papers found in the Tuileries. Covetous of his son's fortune, he hastened a disease from which Maxime suffered,

a daughter of commander Sicardot. She brought her husba

being an amiable woman without ambition she was quite satisfied with the modest po

ard through the agency of his sister Madame Sidonie, and a considerable sum of money as well as land was settled upon her. Wholly given over to pleasure and extravagance, she soon got deeply into debt, and her husband took advantage of this from time to time by

ne Megot, a maid-servant of Madame Renee Saccard. The child and his mother wer

his intelligence was that of a child of five. There was in him a relaxation of tissues, due to degeneracy, and the slightest exertion produced hemorrhage. Charles was not kindly treated by his stepfather, and generally lived with his great-grandmother Felicite Rougon. He was fre

aris in 1852. After the death of her mother in 1854, she was sent to live with Dr. Pascal Rougon,

imbued the girl with her own bigoted ideas regarding the salvation of Pascal. Her grandmother, Felicite Rougon, who wished, for family reasons, to destroy Pascal's manuscripts on the subject of heredity, played on Clotilde's feelings, and induced her to assist in a search for the hated work. Rougon surprised them in the act, and subsequently laid bare to Clotilde the whole facts

ty, who "cherished lofty ambitions, possessed domineering instincts, and showed a singular contempt for trifling expedients and small fortunes." With the Revolution of February, 1848, Eugene felt that his opportunity had come, and he left for Paris with

ed, and he was on the point of offering her marriage. Reflection on her somewhat equivocal position in society induced him to think better of this, and he offered to arrange a marriage between her and his friend Delestang. The offer was accepted, and the marriage took place. Soon after, Rougon married Veronique Beulin-d'Orchere. During his retirement Rougon was surrounded by a band of followers, the Charbonnels, Du Poizet, Kahn, and others, who in the hope of profiting by his return to office lost no chance of establishing a claim upon him. After the Orsini plot against the life of the Emperor, of which Rougon had prior information through Gilquin, the need for a strong man arose, and he was again called to office, being appointed Minister of the Interior. His harshness in carrying out reprisals against the Rep

him, suggested that he should change his name to Saccard which he did. There was no intimacy between the brot

f the Universal Bank. The Bank having failed, however, he did nothing to stay legal proceedings against his brother; but, after a

unteract the clerical influence, which at that time was strongly Legitimist. He kept up a correspondence wi

, and in the Assembly remained to defend the old order of t

preceding. See Veronique Beulin-d'Or

Rougon; married in 1840 her cousin Francois Rou

ed herself to church services to the entire neglect of her household and family. As time went on, her passion for the Abbe grew more extreme, and her health became undermined to a serious extent. She became subject to fits of an epileptic nature, and having injured herself in some of these, she allowed the injuries to be attributed to her husband, whom she had now grown to regard as an encumbran

40, son of Aristide Roug

outh he was of vicious character, and the idleness and extravagance of the life in his father's house only completed the training begun at Plassans. A

etly upon the dowry brought to him by her. He refused to join in any of his father's schemes, or to as

tifice to ward off the paralysis which threatened him." In the fear of this impending illness, he induced his sister Clotilde to leave Doctor Pascal, and go to live with him in Paris, but in his constant fear of being taken advantage of he soon bega

MAXIME). See Lo

" Having acquitted himself admirably in his medical studies at Paris, he returned to Plassans, where he lived a life of quiet study and work. He had few patients, but devoted himself to research, particularly on the subj

him. He had frequently offered to take her, but nothing was arranged till afte

d left him in the care of Albine, niece of old Jeanbernat, the caretaker of that neglected demesne. Dr. Pascal was much attached to Albine, and deeply regretted the sad love affair which resulted fro

ht about a serious misunderstanding between them, for the girl fell under the influence of religious mysticism, and came to look with horror on the savant's scientific pursuits. Discovered by him in an attempt to destroy his documents, he explained to Clotilde fully and frankly the bearing of their terrible family history on his theory of heredity, with the result that her outlook on life was entirely changed; he had opposed the force of human truth against the shadows of mysticism. The struggle between Pascal and Clotilde brought them to a knowledge of mutual love, and an illicit relationsh

t by Pierre Rougon retrieved the situation, and after a few years the two original partners retired. Fortune, however, soon changed, and for thirty years there was a continual struggle to make ends meet. Three sons and two daughters were born, and their education was a heavy drain upon their parents' means. In 1845 Pierre and his wife retired from business with forty thousand francs at the most. Instigated by the Marquis de Carnavant, they went in for politics, and soon regular meetings of the reactionary party came to be held in their "yellow drawing-room." Advised, however, by their son Eugene, they resolved to support the cause of the Bonapartes, and at the time of the Coup d'Etat of 1851 Pierre was the leader of that party in Plassans. Having conceale

his wife continued to hold weekly receptions at which members of the

of 3rd September, 1870, a few hours after hearing of the catastrophe of Sedan. The downfall of the regime which

she and her husband retired from business with barely sufficient means to keep themselves in comfort. She, instigated by the Marquis de Carnavant (her putative father), urged her husband to take part in politics, and meetings of the reactionary party were regularly held in her "yellow drawing-room." While the success of the

haracter by inviting representatives of all parties. Her son Eugene, now a Minister of State, kept her advised as to the course she shoul

merchant of Plassans, and requested her son Eugene, the President of the Council of

of the Rougons and the Macquarts, and she did nothing to save her old accomplice Antoine Macquart from the terrible fate which overtook him. After these events, her only remaining trouble was the work on family heredity which had for years occupied her son Pascal. Assisted by his servant Martine, she eventually succeeded in burning the whole manuscript to which Pascal ha

8, daughter of Pierre Roug

and had so little of the woman in her manner that she looked much older. She carried on business in lace and pianos, but did not confine herself to these trades; when she had sold ten francs worth of lace she would insinuate herself into her customer's good graces and become her man of business, attending attorneys, advocates, and judges on her b

named Angelique Marie, was at once sent to the Foundling Hospital by

he went upstairs, turned round the studio, sniffed at all its bare wretchedness, and then wa

retired to the gloomy shelter of a conventual kind of establishment, holding the purse-strings of the Oeuvre du Sacrament, an

to save Saccard annoyance, paid over a considerable sum and removed the boy to L'Oeuvre du Travail, one of the institutions founded by the Princess d'Orviedo. Here every effort was made to reclaim him, but without success; vice and cunning had becom

ry-let loose upon the world like some brute foaming with the hereditary virus, whose every bite would enlarge that exi

ew minutes before he died, drew towards him the genealogical tree of the Rougon-Macquart family, over which he had spent so m

o assisted to decorate the church for the fes

, an office which he shared with Lavigniere, under

d to appoint Abbe Faujas vicar of Saint-Saturnin's church. This led to a quarrel with Abbe Fenil, who, of course, resented the appointment. The Bishop being still in some doubt as to the standing of Abbe Faujas with the Government, went to Paris, where he interviewed Eugene Rougo

d formerly worked as a putte

urch. Madame Lisa Quenu consulted him as to her propose

in Lacour and Rosalie Pichon. One of her pleasures consisted i

ting the control of his fortune, soon went through the greater pa

he was thirty-five, he seldom had more than a dozen louis at a time. Her death was largely

at Paris, a friend of Comtesse Balbi, and

ng a small sum as "cover" in the belief that the insignificance of the amount would in time be forgotten; and "he evinced great prudence, increasing the orders in a stealthy gradual fashion, pending the day when, with a heavy settlement to meet, it would be necessary for him to disappear." When Saccard founded the Universal Bank, he select

nowned joker, who entered into a competition with

ougon, on the suggestion of his brother

TOR). See Vi

o Eugene Rougon, the Min

curiosity so far as to listen behind their doors and open their letters. She went about all day pretending she was marketing, but in reality merely spreading scandal and getting information. By bullying li

La Petite Duchesse, a play by Fauchery

incely house in Rue Saint-Lazare, which after her deat

mont. She saved from the cloister Christine Hallegrain, who had not a religio

by listening to everyone and saying nothing. He answered only by smiles, and one could

Second Empire, whose influence was secured for Eugene

furnished most valuable information to the French generals regarding the movement of the Prussians to surprise Beaumont, but his information was disregarded till too late. The francs-tireurs h

d'Afrique. Sent to France to take part in the war against Germany, he shared in many weary marches, but saw no fighting, till the battle of Sedan, when his horse, Zephir, which he loved like a brother, was k

is. He married Mlle. de Ladricourt, who was much

her, she found it necessary to have recourse to her lovers when her losses were greater than usual. She stopped at nothing to gain information, and at one time was on intimate terms wit

ll with new machinery of his own invention. When he died, almost heart-broken by the petty local jealousy that had sought to hamper him in every way, his w

ering, she migrated to Paris, with her son Pierre, who then supported her out of a clerk's small salary. In Rue d'Enfer she occupied a single room on the same flat as her son, and there, disabled by paralysis, lived in mor

received each Thursday evening his old friends from Plassans, Claude Lantier and Dubuche, and with them Fagerolles, Mahoudeau, Jory, Gagniere, now reunited at Paris, and all animated by the same passion for art. He was still obsessed by a desire for literary glory, and had thoughts of writing a poem on some vast subject, but at last he hit on a scheme which soon took form in his mind. With reference to it he said, "I am going to take a family, and I shall study its members, one by one, whence they come, whither they go, how they react upon one another-in short, humanity in a small compass, the way in which humanity grows and behaves. On the other hand, I shall set my men and women in a determined period of history, which will provide me with the necessary surroundings and circumstances, a slice of history-you understand, eh? A se

d herself much with the affairs of the kitchen, being specially proud of some of her dishes. Even later, when the family was more prosperous and had removed to a

Paris. She gave Eugene Rougon very unsatisfactory information regarding

brigands of the band of

h his father, he had remained in the regiment disgusted with everything, but unwilling to be bought out." Later he became engaged to one of his cousins, who had a small dowry, and began to take an

at Magnolles who performed illegal op

ecoeur and of Madame Gavard; mother

of the people. At twenty she set up in business as a fruit-dealer, and took as her lover a young man named Jules, who was employed by her aun

Pascal Rougon, who affected a cure by hypodermic injections of a substance with which he had long experimented. Sarteur was released from the asylum, but the cure was not pe

customer at Laure Piedefer's restaurant, where she met Madame Robert. She lived for a time with Nana, of whom she was

an annuity of fifteen sous a day. In order to dupe the old man, he pretended to be in bad health. Late

Pluchart. He lived at

esteemed by his superiors, but had met with the utmost vexation on account of his sister, even to the point of being threatened with dismissal. If the Company bore with her now on his account, he only kept h

airs had settled down with Pecqueux, whose mistress she became. She had the reputation of drinking. A subsequent

d Mouret's shop, Au Bonheur des Dames, on the occasions of great sales, purchasing large quantiti

f the race for the Gra

ecretly associated with Sabatani, with whom he carrie

THE PRINCE O

nd a couple of successful ventures made him altogether lose his head. From that time he neglected his business, and ruin lay inevitably at the end. On the invitation of Saccard he became a Director of the Universal

asure. In the hope that he might take an interest in finance, he was given a situation in the office of Mazard, the stockbroker, where, however, he d

ellect of the politicians who met in Pierre Rougon's yellow drawing-room. He was tak

ted this name when he went to Paris in 1851, using it for cons

E). See Madame

which Sidonie Rougon (q.v.)

ho assisted Severine Roubaud in

emises were raided by the Bavarians af

untry's Embassy at Paris. He was a frequent vi

stupid and untruthful in character, she gave herself out as the granddaughter of a general, and never owned to her thirty-two summer

time during the strike, in the hope of recovering s

Deberle's English gove

. His business was seriously affected by

dame Titreville's artificial flowe

le, whose daughter, Princess d'Orviedo, she brought up. When the Princ

l Rougon, who sent her to live with an aunt in the country, where she was brought up in the open air.

leasure of burying." He had few friends, except his two dogs, Emperor and Massacre, and he especially hated Jacqueline Cognet with the jealous disgust of an old servant at her rapi

s-le-Doyen, who was supposed to be

the Czar's life, an attempt which resulted in his mistress, Annouchka, and many of his friends, being hanged. His principles were those of the most violent anarchy, and he would have nothing to do with the strike at Montsou, which he considered a merely childish affair. Disgusted at the return of the miners to their work, he resolved to bring about the des

se which ran in the Gr

me originally from Corsica, and used to show his kni

(LE). See Mimi-l

cal refugee, and a friend of Comtesse

farms in the neighbourhood of Beaumont and Raucourt. During the war he was able to give important information to the German forces. In trying to regain his former influence over Silvine, he threatened to remove their child to Germany, and, to

, through whose hands had passed millions. He s

n the Second Empire. She dominated all her friends on th

not beautiful, but had such a charm of manner that she was considered the smartest of the demi-mondaines in Paris. Amo

was a pupil at the naval college, and had no

great favourite. He was a constant visitor at the home of M. Rastoil

o was admired by Maxi

She was a recognized authority on all subjects

hoiseul, and was so seriously affected by the competition of Octave

n La Petite Duchesse, a play by Fau

had herded cows in Champagne before coming

practise. Georges Hugon made a pretext of visiting him,

ond Empire. She was a friend of Madame de

ur, who recommended her to Eugene Rougon, the M

; on occasion, it was said, she had even served the Mass for the Abbe's predecessor. She was garrulous and ill-tempered, but was devo

n the piano to Clarisse Bocquet, and a

ing to establish himself in business, demanded a considerable dowry. He afterwards mar

tte d'Or. She died of consumption, and the Lorilleux thought

again soon after the death of his first wife, he troubled little about her, and w

er, though he was at the time engaged to Pauline Quenu. Pauline having magnanimously released him, they were married. Lazare's morbid mania having become more acute,

young. Le Do

eating-house at Mon

y the annuity of twelve hundred francs which she received from Saccard. He disliked her

e of the preceding. See Just

a dram-shop at

riend of Madame Debe

as forewoman, and where Nana Coupeau was a pupil. She was a tall woman who never unbent, and the g

expressed disbelief in the success of

and went with her to Paris, where he started business as a dealer in the p

ther and grandfather were sent to prison, and the daughter, when shown kindness by Pauline Quenu, rew

icole, the Societe Generale of the Ports of Morocco, and other companies of doubtful standing. His ambition was

ana among her clients. She had a passion for racing

reux pit. It only lived a few months a

egarding her. Having been dismissed by his master, he opened a trap-door through which Hourdequin fell and was killed. When he found

ujas he was appointed Secretary to the Girls' Home started by Madame Mouret and other ladies of Plassans. Having got a footing in the Mourets' house, he soon began to take advantage of his position, and little by little got possession of the whole premises. He did all he could to encourage

the Mouret family. Utterly heartless, she stopped at nothing, robbing Madame Mouret of money, clothing, everything that came within her power. Nemesis came

nickname of Olymp

houghts of marriage, and as he was averse to any risk of complications, his habit was to select his female friends from among the ma