ntes), Bisho

gh, Earl

, Mrs.

ward Roe

rincess Frederica o

stus, Duke of, i.

in Flanders,

Arthur,

ir Georg

E

Y WILLIAM CLOWES

REET AND CH

TNO

s, and all the flux of quality at Bath contend for the prizes." An antique vase, purchased in Italy, was placed on a modern altar decorated with laurel, and each guest was invited to place in the urn an original composition in verse. The author of the one declared to be the best was crowned by La

for Saltash and Secretary at W

North having been appointed in July,

bably C

reat success was, however, gained at Drury Lane, after her return from Dublin, from 1764 onw

of the Commonwealth, and therefore, it is suggested, would have shr

as Secretary of State for the northern department, and held that office till the resignation of the Government in March, 1782. Walpole, writing on

rwards Lord Sheffield's colleague

vember 27, 1781, and

e was under repair, occupied Lord S

ent met Janu

stry, with the Marquis of Rockingham as first Lord of

nsisted of the fol

ngham First Lord

to continue Lo

} Principal Secr

s Jame

sh Chancellor o

pel First Lord o

afton Lord

President of

Master-General

way Command

burton) Chancellor of

he Duke of Devonshire. Lady Elizabeth Foster, writes Miss Burney (Diary and Letters of Madame d'Arblay, vol. v. p. 225), "has the character of being so alluring, that Mrs. Holroyd told me it was the opinion of Mr. Gibbon no man could withstand her, and

Admiral and his flagship the Ville de Paris, the largest ship afloat and the present of the city of Paris to Louis XVI., being taken. "The late Min

Pigot, who was one of the Lords of t

ockingham died July 2

Mason (London, 1782). Hayley's mother was Mary Yates (1718-1775), who married Thomas Hayley in 1740

'd thy form with

thy soul her

th all her e

oftness, Friends

rpose, and the

s diffusive s

est of mental g

dgment, pur

without their

th, and confide

King, as the new Premier, the Duke of Portland, "a dull man, but a c

r-General, Lord Duncannon and the Hon. John Townshend, Lords of the Admiralty, retired with F

n. Henry Dundas (afterwards Lord Melville), became Treasurer of the Navy, vice Colonel Isaac Barré, who became Paymaster of the Forces. "Places are

lonel Brathwaite in the Tanjore district (Febru

d Howe had already driven the Dutch into the Texel, and he now sailed to protect the Jamaica convoy, and watch the enemy, single ships being sent to reinforce hi

nce of Fort St. Philip in Minorca (1781-2), and his subsequent charges against the Governor. He was twi

ughter of the first Earl of Chatham. She died September 25, 1786, leaving a daugh

m the Reformation till the Death of Queen Mary. His best-known work was his View of Society in Europe (1778). The story of his attack on Robert Henry, and his

was Warden of

e, on September 12, 1782, the Hon. Charlotte Cou

f the French and Spaniards to capture the Rock had been repulsed by Sir George Eliott, w

d. But he married Eleanor, daughter of Sir Gilbert Elliot, and sister of the first Earl of Minto. Eden, who was

independence of the United States in the first instance, and not to reserve it as a condition of peace." Fox interpreted this as an absolute rec

and at Pollilore (August 27). The full Treasury was the result of the recent overthrow of Cheyte Singh, Rajah of Benares, and the spoliation of the Begums of Oude. In the summer of 1782 the House of Commons resolved that it was the duty of t

ott, created Lord Heathfield

to December 5, in order that the negotiations for peace might be completed. Peac

(Letters and Correspondence, pp. 59-61). The dinner was given in Lincoln's Inn to the off

flagged before his own resources were exhausted.... He had just concluded, however, one of his best foreign anecdotes, in which he had introduced some of the fashionable levities of political doctrine then prevalent, and, with his customary tap on the lid of his snuff-box, was looking round to receive our tribute of applause, when a deep-toned but clear voice was heard from the bottom of the table, very calmly and civilly impugning the correctness of the narrative, and the propriety of the doctrines of which it had been made the vehicle. The historian, turning a disdainful glance towards the quarter whence the voice proceeded, saw, for the first time, a tall, thin, and rather ungainly-looking young man, who now sat quietly and silently eating some fruit. There was nothing very prepossessing or very formidable in his exterior, but, as the few words he had uttered appeared to have made a considerable impression on the company, Mr. Gibbon, I suppose, thought himself bound

atre, then managed by Palmer, she became famous. At Bath, in 1780, she had twice acted the part of Lady Townly in Vanbrugh's and Cibber's play of The Provoked Husband. In 1782 she reappeared in London (October 10) at Drury Lane, in the part of Isabella in S

brother, General Conway; his eldest son, Lord Beauchamp, M.P. for Orford; and his you

illes with France and Spain, January 20, 1783, and P

, M.P. for Kingston-upon-Hull. Amendments were moved by Lord J. Cavendish and Lord North, which were carried at 8 a.m. on Tuesday, February 18, by 224 to

ellor of the Exchequer, publicly stated that he only retained his post till his successor was appointed. On March 24, M

ancellor of the Exchequer. On April 2 the new adm

land First Lord

Secretarie

Fo

sh Chancellor o

t Commissioner o

President of

sle Lord P

nd Master of

Paymaste

on Lord Lieute

n commission. The first

r. Fox kissed hands, and he observed George III. turn back his eyes and ears just like the horse at Astley's,

sion closed

walking about the room and cannot find any employment we should like in the intended establishment. He agrees with me that the plac

thews (Diary of an Invalid, p. 317) speaks of a visit to the house paid in June, 1818. "Paid a visit to the house in which Gibbon resided. Paced his

* (i.e. J. P. L. Bridel). Lausanne. 1782. 8o

sé de charman

aume au fond

as d'un mond

ir elles eta

* *

ant ce chaum

qu'un palais

sse accompag

ions les jeux

nuits à nos

lentement d

mbre au travers

t dans les ea

resses enthusiastic admiration for his skill and character. For his share in the Necklace Scandal at Paris in 1785-6, Cagliostro was banished from France. He left the country, s

or Bedford Square, of a continental scheme. It has annoyed me much, and of all circumstances the most provoking is, that he is right; a most pleasant opportunity offered. His seat in Parliame

epartment was the importation of foreign books. He was a man of great general knowledge, and possessed a remarkable knowledge of

f Chichester) (1756-1826), served as Irish Secretary under Lo

tary at War from 1794 to 1801, and War and Colonial Secretary 1806-7. He was a powerful speaker, a brillia

ing Lady

direct to Lord North (Bushey), wait

ewis Way by his second wife, was

., died on his way to Sheff

. Silas

, and distinguished by his Eton nickname, given him

d States, France, Spain, and Holland were

. Another illustration of his impression that Gibbon was bought by a place is afforded by the following extract from Walpole's Journal of the Reign of King George III. from the Year 1771 to 1783, vol. ii. p. 464. "June 28, 1781: Last week was sold by auction the very valuable library of an honourable representative" (C. J. Fox) "of Westminster, and which had been taken, with all his effects, in execution. Amongst the books there was Mr. Gibbon's first volume of the Roman History, and which appeared by the title-page to have been given by t

of the Treaty with t

rs of trade, on which Lord Sheffield had spoken in April,

unsupported in the Southern Colonies, and for the disaster at York Town in 1781. He died in 1795, as governor of Gibraltar. His son, Gen

married Lady Elizabeth Russell, and had, among other children, a son, Henry, who was born in 1658. This son, afterwards Major Henry Crom

tained as a prisoner in the To

under Lord G. Germain. He fought on the Loyalist side as a Colonel of Dragoons, and also served as a volunteer on board H.M.S. Victory, under Sir C. Hardy. His Essays, Po

lished anonymously (London, 1783, 8vo). It reached a sixth edition in 1784, and was translated into both Fren

ibbon'

int l'Ouverture learned passages from it by heart; Bernardin de St. Pierre was inspired by it; to its author Napoleon Bonaparte dedicated in 1787 his manuscript Essai sur l'histoire de la Corse. Dr. Johnson, according to Hannah More, refused to shake hands with the Abbé. "Sir," he said

in the theory and practice of his art. Among his voluminous works in Latin and French were Avis au peuple sur sa santé (1761),

ffield of Roscommon, with remainder to his daughters severally. His heir was at th

north-e

Elizabet

in December, 1783, for his services in the American

's Observations. Se

eam of the future (1771), and of the Tableau de Paris (1781), in which he advocated many

ps in the Seven Years' War and the War of Bavarian Succession. He was noted for his wit, and w

proprietor of the preponderating

Select Committee appointed to inquire

Advocate, Henry Dundas, the chairman of the Secret Committee, moved that the reports of that committee be referred to a committee of the whole House. On April 25 he laid three sets of resolutions on the table. The first set, which were postponed, related to the general misconduct of the Company; the second set, condemning the administration of the Presidency of Madras, was voted; the th

resolution, calling on the directors to remove Warren Hastings, Governor-General of India, and William Hornsby, President of the Council of Bombay.

1782, their chairman, General Smith, presented a series of resolutions which were carried, and on them an

ompany. The first Bill passed the House of Commons on a division of 208 to 102, after long debates, in which the House frequently sat till 5 a.m., on December 8, 1783, and was carried up to the House of Lords on Dece

cretaries of State to resign their seals; and on

stry was thu

of the Treasury and Chan

resident of

low Lord

} Secretar

of Car

Rutland Lord

rst Lord of

ond Master of

s Treasurer

on the list fo

r as Ambassador at Paris, and Daniel Hailes succe

cepted office as Secretary for the Foreign Depar

Lord Guilford) and Lord Lewisham were two of t

er, in which some of the same phrases are repeated, is printed in Lord Sheffield's edition of Gib

Miss Porten, an

nt, Miss He

ent, of which no notes were then allowed to be taken. He was, it is said (Auckland Correspondence, vol. iii. p. 165), for many years paid ￡400 a year, "for giving the speeches of Mr. Fox and Mr. Sheridan much more

he Coalition. See

epting the Coalition Cabin

of the land-tax Bill, and addressing the king against dissolv

e and misdemeanour; (2) that the Mutiny Bill be postponed till February 23. It was further resolved, that an Administration, which commanded the confidence of the House, was peculiarly necessary in the present situation of the kingdom, and that the late ministerial changes had been preceded and accompanied by reports and circumstances which al

rred to, was proposed April 24,

ouse that the Government did not intend to advise the king to dissolve or prorogue Parliament, and that the Cha

hen Pitt declined to make any statement as to the advice which he might offer the king. But on Saturday, January 24, he stated that, while refusing to pledge himself further, the House should not be dissolved till it had met on Monday, the 26th. Advantage was taken of this statement to call a meeting, attended by seventy members

e dismissal of his present ministers would promote such union. A second address, asking the removal of the present ministers, was carried (March 1) by a majority of twelve, and presented March 4. The king's answer was practically a repetition of his former rep

alition of Fox and North. Among "Fox's Martyrs" was Lord Sheffield. Sir Sampson Gideon, afterwards Lord Eard

ant of Hermes Wouldbe in Farq

Pembroke (formerly Lady Elizabeth Spencer),

ictory at Freyberg (1762) were turning-points in the Seven Years' War. In the War of Bavarian Succession he maintained his position in Bohemia agai

ure by Sir Jo

d an attempt was made to convene a Congress of three hundred representatives at Dublin in October, 1784, backed by the volunteers. The Lord Lieutenant, the Duke of Rutland, acted with vigour, and the proposed Congress collapsed. L

Finances in August, 1788, was dismissed July 11, 1789, recalled July 16 in the same year, and finally retired in September, 1790. "M. Necker est parti. Il a eu une si belle peur de la menace d'être pendu, qu'il n'a pu résister à la tendresse de sa vertueuse épouse qui

, his Observations on the Manufactures

ried, in 1772, Lady Jane Henley, sister of Lord

ritish Envoy at the Court of Turin, 1783-99. He married, in 1773, Har

widow of Sir Thomas Clarges, third bar

orthington, formerl

cond Earl Spencer in 1783, married Lady Lavinia Bi

ouse of Commons (1785-1800), was the author of the Irish Corn Law of 1784, the founder of the National Bank, and closely connec

their original form, were practically rejected by the Irish Parliament in February, 1785. Remodelled, and increased to twenty, they were laid before the English House of Commons in May, 1785, and

e Statistes and Vonckistes,-the one conservative and aristocratic, the other commercial and resembling in their views the French Constitutionalists,-made common cause and expelled the Austrian

party in Holland and the Stadtholder, who was, in 1786, deprived of the government of the Hague and of his milita

blish his Observations on the F

; but he was at this time in Paris, assisting the Duke of Dorset in negotiating a Treaty of Commerce with France. His conduct in accepting from Pitt the mi

air of trad

, gloves, fans,

n me my So

ommands, a

y Lord, this

guilt in s

y country,

r skill to D

affair

with unblu

ld palliate

th smiles, thi

e spar'd what

e business o

ffair of

l of his rumoured marriage with Mrs. Fitzherbert, received an additional ￡10,00

ailles on September 26, 1786, and a Supplementary Convention was signed between the same powe

ur of Caroline de Lichtfield, tells the following story of Gibbon falling on his knees and proposing to Madame de Crousaz, afterwards Madame de Montolieu. She refused him. "M. Gibbon prit un air consterné, et cependant il restait à genoux, malgré l'invitation réitérée de se remettre sur sa chaise; il était immobile et gardait la silence. 'Mais, monsieur,' répéta Madame de Crouzas, 'relevez-vous donc.'-'Hélas! m

e younger in "The Luminous Historian; or, Learning

he title of Caroline de Lichtfield, avec des corrections considérables. It was translated into English by Thomas Holcroft, an

ur juste et pa

n nom soutien

écrits, ainsi q

onna?tre, à sen

Mélanges

. "The Duchess of Gordon will dance my house in Downing Street down" (Lord Sheffi

settled here till winter; he will reside with us in Downing Street in winter and spring. The three quartos will appear in the spring, but as to remaining in this country, he

measures, a land tax, the taxation of the lands of the clergy, and, generally, the equalization of public burdens. So great was the clamour against him, that in April he resigned and took refuge in England. "I am entertained," writes Lord Sheffield to Willi

bbon's friends at Lausanne, had, at hi

s Bluemantle Pursuivant at Arms,

Wilhelm d

. of the Decline and Fall w

my, and at length an unfortunate administration, had many political opponents, almost without a personal enemy; who has retained, in his fall from power, many faithful and disinterested friends; and who, under the pressure of severe infirmity, enjoys the l

Sheffield

d many long speeches: but the ladies rebelled, the Gibbon supported them, and thus we were detained till towards the midd

for a ticket to hear him." Macaulay's account of Sheridan's knowledge of stage-effect, and of his sinking back, "as if exhausted, into the arms of Burke," is based on this letter of Gibbon. Sir Gilbert Elliot, however (Life and Letters, vol. i. pp. 206-219), gives a different account. "Burke caught him in his arms as he sat down, which was not the least affecting part of the day to my feelings, and could not be the least grateful testimony of his merit received by Sheridan. I

C. J

s of the Admiralty, Lord John Townshend won the seat against Hood. In Bond Street there was a battle

at Wyton, Huntingdonshire, on September 28, 1795. She survived her husband. In 1799

ave now half

fifty so bless

troubles thus da

thus with my year

of nature's mo

plain, who alone

in September, 1789, Catherine, eldest daughter of Lord North. He was educate

vie, Gle

od for th

your old tr

was made a K.C. After his marriage he left the Bar for

s recalled in the same month. He at once took steps for summo

e of the interruption or suspension of the royal authority. Pitt, on December 16, 1788, moved three resolutions: (1) that the personal exercise of the royal authority was interrupted; (2) that the two Houses have the right to supply this defect of the royal authority; (3) that it was necessary to determine the means by which, during the continuance of the king's incapacity, the royal assent should be given to bills passed by the two Houses. The r

e distinguished diplomatist, married Harr

nces in Metre (1805). He was, wrote Sir Walter Scott, "the first converser I ever saw. His patience and good breeding made me often asha

nst give to

tic moral

for the same purpose to the Lille Conference in 1797. He was at this time travelling on the Continent

fire, without

art than Shelburn

pilfer'd greatn

t to call Dun

ignity and

us rises to deb

toire Secrète de la Cour de Berlin, ou Correspondance d'un voyageur Fran?ai

tepmother,

unt, Miss H

nuary, 1798, as his third wife, Lady Anne North, daughter of

ing to Shef

Porten died

other of Louis XVI., and afterwards Char

of 800,000 livres. "Mille écus," said Mirabeau, "à la famille d'Assas pour avoir sauvé l'état, un million à la famille de Polignac pour l'avoir perdu." (The Chevalier d'Assas lost his life in an heroic action at Klostercamp, October 15-16, 1760. The Government of Louis XV. allowed him to go unrewarded. Louis XVI., at the instigation of Marie Anto

ed July 11, 1789, and or

terialism and Philosophical Necessity, 1778), was also a voluminous political writer, a champion of the cause of American Independence, and an advocate of principles then regarded as revolutionary. His Observations on the Nature of Civil Liberty (1776) procured him an inv

ed in the Seven Years' War, was Ministre de la Marine 1780-87, and in 1792 he

assador in England, 1770-76. As ambassador at Berlin he had been a favourite with Frederick

nt qui convient à la France (1789), was a prominent champion of constitutional libe

ch possessions in India, emigrated after the events of October 5-6, 1789. Returning to France in 1792

appointed in 1778 dame du palais in the household of Marie Antoinette. Her intimate relations with Lally-Tollendal were well known. Madame D'Arblay, who knew her well, says of her, twenty years later, that "Lally was her admiring and truly devoted friend, and by many believed to be privately married t

doyenne d

est des p

us le prin

le nain de

's portrait, painted by Sir J

lished his Maps of Bengal and of the Mogul Empire. Hi

His po

Coventry, and the Marquis of Worcester and Lord Sheffield for Bristol. Lord Sheffield

t for Abolishing the Slave Trade, was published anonymously

Captain Cook in the Endeavour in 1768. He was P

for war. Spain, relying on the family compact, asked aid from France, and Louis XVI. communicated the demand to the National Assembly, asking that a fleet should be equipped to send assistance. Preparations were made at Brest to send assistance; but the mutinous conduct of the French sailors apparently alarmed the Spanish Government, which

ished in 1790 his Travels to discover the S

G. G. Leibnitii stilo J. G. Eccardi literis consignatum, postea a J. D. Grubero novis probationibus instructum. (Ad f

the Roman Empire (edition

devoured by ambition, and I should think by mortification at the fooli

the Rhine, who were known as the armée de Condé. Both his son and grandson died by violence. His son, the Duc de Bourbon (1756-1830), was found hanged in his room. Suspicion, probably without re

n October, 1790. "Gibbon admires Burke to the skies, and even the reli

August 4, 1790, and was succeeded by his eld

committee on the Bill on February 22, 1791, Lord Sheffield protesting against its principle, but not dividing the House. Lord Sheffield twice beat Pitt (March 11 and April 11) on the

the Abolition of the Slave Trade on the ground that the West Indian A

ox. "Yes, there is," retorted Burke. "I know the price of my conduct! I have indeed made a great sacrifice: I have done my duty, though I have lost my friend." Burke's speech was made on the Quebec Bill, and Lord Sheffield moved, and was support

to bring pressure to bear on Russia. But Great Britain was without allies. Prussia was irresolute, Sweden exhausted, Denmark unwilling to quarrel with Russia, Austria intent on recovering the Austrian Netherlands. Her protest was, however, not without effect. Catharine refused to recognize Great Britain as a mediator or to recede from her demands. But she made peace with Turkey at Galacz in August, 1791, restoring a

se De l'administration de

e original letter are

Monarchy. Suspected of conniving at the king's escape from Paris in June, 1791, he was arrested, and was possibly in prison at the time when Gibbon

he dissolution of the Constituent Assembly. Made by Napoleon Archbishop of Paris (1810-14), he was deprived of episcopal authority by the Pope, who h

f, obtained at the request of M. Simolin, the Russian Ambassador, who was ignorant of the use to which it was to be put. The king intended to reach Montmédy, and there place himself under the protecti

ambassador

m debate, commissioners were nominated to inquire into the events of June 20-21, and three commissioners were separately appointed to take the signed declarat

l carriage, bound with ropes, were MM. de Valery, de Moustier, and d

e, with his head-quarters at Metz. His letter to the National Assembly was written, as he states, to divert the wrath of the Assembly from the king to himself. In it he assumed the whole responsibility for the affair. His letter, says M. Feuillet de Conches (Louis XVI., Marie Antoinette et Madame Elisabeth, vol. iv. pp. 469-471), produced a deep impression throughout Europe. Three autograph l

frey Webster, Bart., of Battle Abbey, Sussex. She was divorced from her husban

as at this time editor of the Journal des amis de la Constitution. He helped B

was carried to the Abbey of Scellières. Thence the remains were brought, Sunday, J

the king's escape, and stating the manner in which, by the laws of the Constitution, the Assembly should conduct itself towards the king. Practically, the report was i

orter of the Duc d'Orléans. He afterwards led the Brissotins against th

erre, in the Lake of Bienne,

Prussia at Pilnitz, Coblentz became the rallying-point of the émig

n only King of Navarre. The Duc de Guiche (afterwards Duc de Grammont) married, in 1779, a daughter of the Duchesse de Polignac, and to her interest he owed his place as captain of the V

e, Elector of Bavaria

e de Provence, afterwards Louis XVIII. (1755-1824). Madame, his wife, was Maria Josephine Louisa,

n the Spanish army at the siege of Gibraltar, then entered the service of the Empress Catharin

anzov, son of the distin

istered the province of Artois. He followed the Comte d'Artois in his flight to Italy, and at London was afterwards his chief political adviser. He was a friend of

ntered the French service after the Seven Years' War,

ing the Seven Years' War, was made a marshal in 1759. Louis XVI. appointed him in 1789 Ministe

s. The outbreak was quelled by Bouillé. Of the survivors of the Regiment of Chateau-Vieux, twenty-three were hanged, and forty-one sent to the galleys. These galley-slaves were subsequently

cond partition of Poland was there concerted. But no definite declaration in common seems to have been signed at that time by the two sovereigns, except an engagement to make certain representat

took up the position of a French aristocrat, and treated the English Constitution as unsuited to France. Lally replied to him in his Lettre au très hon. Edm. Burke,

the Princess Frederica of Prussia. On November 23 they were remarrie

t Tippoo. See note at

uke of Richmond's house in Privy Gardens, now called Wh

2), married, in 1780, Armar Corry, Earl of Belmore, from whom she was divor

ghter of Lord Delaval, and therefore a niece of the notorious Sir Francis Delaval. Rumour had c

gallery in Pall Mall for the exhibition of the pictures painted for the work. The work was publi

from the west, reached Periapatnam. But, owing to the difficulty of crossing the swollen Cavery, the two forces could not unite. A few days later, the heavy rains and want of provisions compelled Cornwallis (May 26) to retire, leaving the greater part of his heavy artillery. At the same time Abercromby retreated to Tellicherry on the east coast. Near Bangalore, Cornwallis unexpectedly encountere

tional Assembly, sate from October 1, 1791, to September 21, 1792. In December, 1791, Louis XVI. threatened that, if the Electors of Trèves and Mayence did not prevent the assembly of troops in their terr

d by Anckarstr?m in March, 1792. He had offered his services aga

ador from Paris, ordered the French minist

National Assembly at Paris for aid, by a letter detailing the horrors of the insurrection, and later (November 30) by sending a deputy, who was heard in the National Assembly. The in

principles of the French Revolution into the Pays de Vaud. Several persons were arrested, and secretly examined. MM. Rosset and La Motte were confined in the Castle of Ch

at London in the same year. Madame d'Arblay, in February, 1792, speaks of Miss Fanshawe having heard "the famous M. Lally Tolendahl read a French tragedy upon an Engli

inette was born

ur-Meuse, about twenty-two miles from Montmédy, to within sight of the village, but could not cross the Ai

es to the north to Varennes and Montmédy. The Duc de Choiseul and his hussars, who had been posted on the Montmédy side of Varennes, also joined the king at Varennes. But th

ings of the Negroes, where they have not hesitated to call Wilberforce their King, by the name (in their way) of

a spendthrift, the duke hated the king and queen because he had not been appointed to succeed his uncle as Colonel of the Guards (Souvenirs et Portraits, par le Duc de Lévis, pp. 191-201). He joined the extreme revolutionary party. His wife, who had lived apart from him for many years, in 1791-2 passed some months at Lausanne. She r

assumed the name of de Germanie on succeeding to an estate of that name which

stein was Swedish Ambassador

rding to Talleyrand, were completely in the confidence of Mirabeau. "Le Comte Louis de Narbonne est enfin ministre de la guerre, d'hier," wrote Marie Antoinette to Count Fersen. "Quelle gloire pour Mme de Stael, et quel plaisir pou

, was accused of corresponding with the émigrés and the emperor, tried before the

ucceeded by his son Francis Joseph, who, pending his electi

In the following March, they made themselves masters of Arles. Their troops, "vraie Sodome errante," pillaged the country, and plundered, outraged, or massacred peaceful inhabitants. Avignon, which with the Comtat Venaissin was united to France in September, 1791, was the next object of their attack. It had been, in October, 1791, the scene of the horrible

n. His amendment, though opposed by Fox, was carried (April 2) by 193 to 125. He subsequently (April 23) moved a series of resolutions to effect a gradual abolition. These were taken up by Pitt, and, with some amendments, ca

tted, and two of the witnesses for the prosecution were committed for trial for perjury. On February 19, 1793, Surgeon Dowling, the princ

of the French Revolution, and an appeal to Fox to use his influence in favour of France in a war which is "the general cause of all human nature. It is the

on the other hand, declared that if ever there was a time when such a question should not be raised, the present was that time. Burke spoke in the same sense, attacking Paine's Rights of Man, and all clubs and societies which recommended the principles of

for the reform of the representative system, to which Lord Lauderdale, Gre

] Be

directed against Tournay dispersed, and murdered Dillon, their commander. That which

Name e

hrase used by Mirabeau of Lord Malmesbury (Co

s Berry, who visited the library in July, 1803 (Journals and Letters, vol. ii. p. 260), says, "It is, of all the libraries I ever saw, that of which I should most covet the possession-that which seems exactly everything that any gentleman or gentlewoman fond of letters could wish." "Gibbon's library," says Henry Mathews in 1818 (Diary of an Invalid, p. 318), "still remains, but it is buried and lost to the world. It is th

erary and historical value, and from 1778 to 1826 printer, proprietor, and, from

shed in the Gentleman's M

iately preceding a communication entitled "Strictures on Some Passages in Mr. Gibbon's History." The article in the Gentleman's Magazine was by Sir Egerton Brydges, whose grandmother was a Gibbon, the heiress of Edward Gi

Madame d'Arblay as holding an appointment about t

ot Camp on July 23, and were reviewed by the king on J

es concurred in an address of thanks to the king for the proclamation (June 1). The question divided the Whig party

ence of which was revealed by the answer of the Jacobins, were omitted from the publication. Dr. Priestley, subsequently elected to the National Convention, presided at the meeting of the Unitarian Society at the King's Head Tavern, in February, 1791, when, among other toasts, "Thomas Paine and the Rights of Man," and "The National Assembly of France, and may every tyrannical government undergo a similar revolution," were drunk with enthusiasm. Such distinguished Nonconformists as Dr. Kippis, Dr. Rees, and Dr. Towers were als

ill were well known, opposed Pitt's Sinking Fund and the Bill for the encouragement of the growth of timber in the New Forest, and

the Colonies, resigned the Secretaryship at War to Windham. It was delayed by the indecision of the Duke of Portland, of whom Lady Malmesbury sa

of 1792. The negotiations failed. "Fox," says Lord Malmesbury (July 30, 1792), "made Pitt's quitting the Treasury a sine qua non, and was so opinionati

tter known as Lord Nort

Reynolds died F

rmies of Austria and Prussia, issued his manifesto on July 25, 1792,

endeavoured to effect the escape of the king and queen. On August 10, 1792, he was arrested and imprisoned in the Abbaye. On August 22, 1792, ten days before the September massacres, the French Minister of Foreign Affairs informed the National Assemb

tom. ii. ch. x.), describes her appearance before Robespierre at the H?tel de Ville

d, raised on a pike, was paraded before the windows of the Temple where the queen was confined. The Swiss Guard, nearly eight hundred in number, were massacred in the attack upon the

etter of Ma

le duchy. In Piedmont the French troops under General Anselme, supported by Admiral Truguet and the Toulon fleet, captured Nice and Villa Franca. The Duc

o Montesquieu by Servan, the Minister of War. Geneva appealed for aid to Zurich and Berne under a treaty of 1584, and prepared for defence. A treaty was signed, October 22, 1792, between Montesquieu and the Republic of Geneva, slightly mo

At G

e constitution; the other, Négatifs, opposing it. In 1781 the popular party gained the upper hand. The aristocratic party, appealing to the treaty of 1738, which only allowed constitutional changes to be made with the sanction of France and Sardinia, demanded the help of those two powers. A combined Swiss, French, and Sardi

d son of Madame de Sta?

he French army of the Rhine. He made himself master of Spire, Worms, Mayence, and Frankfort; but was af

n (October 1) retreated across the French frontier. The Austrians failed to take Lille, and, at the approach of Dumouriez, retired into the Low Countries (October 8). Dumouriez, following them, won the battle of Jemappes (November 6), and overran Belgium. At the same time the Frenc

y to grant a liberal measure of Catholic relief and to extend the suffrage to the Roman Catholics. At first the Irish Government strongly opposed any change which threatened the maintenance of Protestant ascendency. But the danger of union between the Protestant Republicans and the Catholic democrats became apparent, when the Catholic Convention met at Dublin in December, 1792, and a Relief Bill, repealing many oppressive enactments and conceding the franchise, was carried, almost without opposition, in the beginning of 1793. The Roman Catholics, it may be added, were excluded from the Irish Parliament in the reign o

a frequent visitor

e. Pauline

sacres of Sep

f the Feuillants, or constitutional reformers. He escaped to England and thence to the United States. On his return to France he occupied himself with philanthropic works and the management of his estates. Both he and his

, Hist. des Emigrés, vol. i. p. 244). It was at her house that Malouet, La Faye

. Charles, her eldest son, died with the army of the princes. Edward, her second son, who succeeded to the title, distinguished

ix French priests, and among them the

21. It neither ratified nor rejected the treaties, reserving the question whether a free people could bind itself by treaties. At the same t

Talleyrand in 1802. It is repeated by both Lacretelle and Thiers in their histories. It is omitted by Michaud in his article on Brunswick, which appeared in the Biographie Universelle in 1812; but it is

Laborde, the daughter of the banker of that name, marrie

, who were guillotined on July 22, 1794. He commanded the Noailles Company of the Royal Body-guard. He was a

e plan, formed for the rescue of the king and royal family in the early summer of 1792, to Marie Antoinette. Her distrust of La Fayette caused its failure. "Plut?t

t of the Duke

Foreign Affairs, was one of the agents i

the king which should be disassociated from the foreign allies of the émigrés. It was the discovery of this and other schemes for the king's rescue, in which Bertrand, Malouet, Mal

de la Marine in 1791. He took refuge in England in 1792, and the

l'administration des colonies, Paris, 1802, 5 vols.), was a bold and skilful supporter of Louis XVI. in the Constituent Assembly. He returned t

which every aristocrat was regarded. Suspected of a royalist plot, the baron was charged with manufacturing cannon when he was only making drain-pipe

Maryland is discussed by him in a letter to his son, date

Miss H

heffiel

rch to June, 1792). Dismissed by Louis XVI., he was restored to his office after August 10, 1792. He resigned his post i

was received with enthusiasm as the citoyen-général-philosophe. He accompanied his words with gestures which were almost convulsive in their violence, and closed his sentences by grinding his

married the Duc d'Ayen, was, l

mily of La Tour d'Auvergne. She was by her marriage connected with the Princesse de Poix, and her cousin, the Princesse d'

fertes à la nation fran?aise

ugust 10, 1792. He was at this time procureur of the Commune of Paris. At the king's trial he defe

Marie Fra

and belonged to the fami

pted the Great Seal as Lord

he treaty of

gned with Geneva, speaks of him as a man who "had put his name to many fraudulent and usurious proc

1820) was the hero of the battle of Valmy. In

call in the aid of the French army if they were opposed, and replaced the Petit Conseil and the Conseil des Deux-Cents by tw

2

potest, vires si

manum dejecera

o: nimiùm feri

us fulmen; cui

?que minus, mi

nda vocan

was called out on the western and southern coasts by a second Order of December 5. Parliament met on

concerned therein, and in suppressing in their beginnings all tumults or riots, on whatever pretence they may be excited." Another association at the Crown and Anchor, presided over by Mr. Reeves, a barrister, and containing in the list of signatures the name of J. T. Batt, Lord Sheffield's friend, issued a similar declaration. Other associations were formed with the same object by the merchants and bankers of London, by the merchants, etc., at Lloyd's, by the gen

s faithful Commons, assembled in a manner new and alarming to the country, think it their first duty, and will make it their first business, to inform themselv

onally attached to Fox, and who, from this feeling, and against their sentiments, voted with him. Such were Crewe, Lord Ed

t a minister may be sent to Paris to treat with those persons who exercise provisionally th

hear he is gone back" (Life and Letters of Sir Gilbert Elliot, vol. ii. p. 91). It is difficult to trace the foundation for the statement. One Petit Mamin was accused of having boasted that he had killed the princess; but he denied having made the boast, and proved, to the satisfaction of the jury, that he was not in Paris at the time (Mortimer-Ter

rovinces, and Spain. He was a member of the Directory; but, suspected for his moderation, was sent, first to Cayenne, t

was Lord May

neutrality in respect to the settlement of the internal government of France," considered it "no deviation from those principles to manifest, by all the means in his power, his solicitude for the personal situation of their most Christian majesties, and their royal family; and he earnestly and anxiously hopes that they will, at least, be secure from any acts of violence, which cannot fai

clined (December 31) to acknowledge his official position, but explained the policy of the British Government. On January 18, 1793, Lord Grenville replied to M. Chauvelin that the British Government would continue its preparations to protect the country and its allies, and to oppose a barr

he Government. After the debate, Elliot, Wyndham, and Fox met at the Duke of Portland's, when the duke stated that Sir Gilbert had correctly expressed his views. Fox, however, recovered his ascendency over the Duke of Portland, who authorized the Marquis of Titchfield (December 31), his eldest son, M.P. for Bu

recess lasted from Janua

Place de la Révolution at 10.22 in th

House the correspondence between Lord Grenville and M. Chauveli

r Lives and Characters, 2 vols. fol., 1743-52, by the Rev. Thomas

erved in Belgium in concert with Dumouriez. He had already been sent to England by the Convention. He now returned with fuller powers. He remained in London till F

f War in October, 1792. In February, 1793, he became Mayor of Pari

be added that Mr. Whitbread, speaking on the same side, and alluding to the Duke of Brunswick's manifestos, said that they breathed the spi

Mr. George Ni

laneous works, Lord Sheffield applied to Lord Loughborough for permission to include this letter, but was refused. He made a second application, offering to erase his name and the name of his office (which in effect was done),

ortunate king." Lady Malmesbury to Lady Elliot, January 28,

Master of the Ordnance, the Duke of Richmond. One alleged that the fleet was ready but that the guns were not; the other

-388) of the "Collection des meilleurs ouvrages qui ont été publiés pour la Défense de Louis XVI.," par A. J. du Gour: Paris, 1796. From an au

ritten in 1770, and printed at the Strawberry Hill Press in 1785 (4to)

stablished near Mickleham. She is one of the first women I have ever met with for abilities and extra

. Herbert, fifth son of the Earl of Pembroke,

he Duke

ave been occasioned by her attendance upon the sick émigrés at

lhelm de

millions should be issued in Exchequer Bills for the relief of credit. The report was considered on April 30; a resolution, and subsequently a Bill, w

ian and Austrian forces early in April,

oy Extraordinary at Brussels. Subsequently appointed Ambassa

adame d

French Minister, La Flotte, from the court of the Grand Duke of Tuscany. "It was generally supposed," writes Lord Holland, (Memoirs of the Whig Party, p. 56), "in the maldicente city of Florence, that resentment at the French Minister for havin

, attacked the toll-houses, and broke the windows of the Guildhall and Council-house. The Herefordshire Militia were twice called

St. Jame

Hawkins, the surgeon, who wished to see him again. But he never

t. (cr. 1796), was originally

a pupil of Hunter, and at this tim

serving in Flanders u

Auckland's,

iled November 23, in joint command with Jervis, afterwards Earl St

ved with distinction in the American War. The expedition here alluded to was that which sailed in Dece

esieged by the Austrians, November 10, 1792. It surrendered on November 14, and

n (Decline and Fall, ed. 1862, vol. vii. p. 252), "was an eye-witness, but who will be witness for Abu Rafe?" Similarly Pascal, in the Lettres Provinciales: neuvième lettre, p. 154 (ed. F

ry (1783-1805), was, by his marriage to Catherine Eden,

rd Lough

9) without bringing them to action. "We continue in the same eternal state of anxious expectation of news from Lord Howe. Nothing is yet hear

17, 1793, of this stay at Beckenham, "with his visit there, and his occurrence with the min

at he should go to London on Tuesday; probably I shall follow him shortly for two days, for I shall be impatien

riber'

mstone, August 24th, 1871.", the tr

e ce periode"-the transcribe

ot surely be offensive to ask him for a written acknowledgment." The

nce no volume number was given, the t

ii. 189;" The transcribe

retained except in obvious cases of typographical error. For e

ad/Arm

on/Be

en/Ca

nz/Co

urd/C

as/Cr

sau/d'A

ier/Du

ly/E

ise/Fr

ough/Le

rt/Le

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