uctural differences (but not necessarily defects) in the organs of speech, as well as differences in temperament, health an

ng to strangers than in talking to friends or relatives while in other cases, the condition is exactly reversed. A stutterer or stammerer almost always experiences difficulty in speaking over the telephone. One experimenter has shown, however, that a stammerer can talk perfectly o

y years puzzled investigators and were, in fact, finally

the best evidences that could be produced to show that stammering is the result of a lack of mental control. The stammerer who can sing without difficulty has no organic or inherent defect in

movements consciously controlled. Take, for instance, the regular beating of the pulse. Let anyone who does not stammer (it makes no difference in trying this experiment whether the person stammers or not, save that we are trying to prove that the condition may be brought about in one who is not a stammerer) feel his own pulse for sixty seconds. Let him be thoroughly consci

ent you become conscious of an attempt to breathe regularly, breathing becomes difficult, res

rocess. It should not be necessary to make a conscious effort to form words, nor should a normal individual be con

out difficulty to animals or when alone-there is no self-consc

is field, no reason being assignable for this ability to talk in connection with others. The baffling element has been this-that the investigator has assumed that the sta

iliar with the hymn being sung, yet by lagging a note or two behind the rest,

move along the telephone wire and reach the other end. The elapse of time has been too slight to be noted by the average human mind and the transmission seems instantaneous. This is what happens in the c

rities are more numerous than the cases of stammering and it would be useless to attempt to discuss them in detail. I w

If, for instance, I wish to talk to any one while the Victrola is being played, I unconsciously cut it off." This is a case where the stammerer finds that all of his faculties must be concentrated upon a supreme effort to

t with some other fellows driving our car. I started to talk, found it almost impossible and noticed a sharp twitching of the muscles of face, arms and limbs. Try as I might, I found I could not

o stammered. These spasmodic movements were always present-he told of one occasion when he was in a barber's chair being shaved. He attempted to say a word or tw

r contractions of the worst type. In practically every case of stammering some such peculiarity