of far less moment in the evolution of the modern drama than the more fundamental imitation of form and structure already noted; their chief interest in
lizabethan tragedies of blood had a strong hold upon the English mind from a much earlier date. One need not wonder that the thought which colored so early a poem as Beowulf, and which came to the surface in the conscious philosophy o
nglish dramatists the more readily as such borrowings follow
l and detailed comparison with their originals of Senecan passages in "The Misfortunes of Arthur." In a le
ritten in the
mper sceleribus
anslated b
mischiefe is by mi
, in 'The Misfortune
ssage is from
'The Malcont
through black d
, in 'Macbe
n make strong th
n 'Catili
t I have done
tempting
'The White D
s are by greate
s 'Duke of Milan,' II
my
pon myself,
n; and since
innocence, guilt
ught me; murder's
then help me
e following also from "
way of gain
d that sin wil
h of English tragedy, and that a careful reader is likely to have little
found in Rudolf Fischer's "Kunstentwicklung der Englische Trag?die." Symonds in his "Shakespeare's Predecessor
ginals, using as my text the edition of F. Leo. I wish to express my indebtedness to Prof. Albert S. Cook, and to Drs. Elisabeth Woodbridge and M.
E
TIS P
so
eo
de
rs
sen
Corinthi
e-Co
E
C
en
e]. Ye gods
rdian of th
aught the tam
Argo; stormy
g bright day t
-formed Hecate
splendor on th
son plighted
a rather sh
t eternal; re
ial powers; a
dusky realm
th betrayed;
ppy voice. App
desses with
stained hands you
horrible as
e my marriage-
ide, and to t
se for Jason I
am in fear throu
ted, poor, w
well known, le
rs, and long f
st revenge, l
ather, daughters
nge is even now
sons to Jas
ry aloud with
attack mine
wn the torches f
heaven. Does th
ur race, and st
n his chariot,
accustomed space
n to seek his
ck the day? Gi
me in thy
t the winds,
idle those thy
let the parted
emains-for m
torches to th
crificial pra
their altars. S
livest, or i
igor-seek to
n bowels; throw
yself in sn
eds Phasis or
see. Evils unk
tful both to e
-wounds, and the
I remember g
e; let heavier
crimes befit m
rath, prepare th
hy divorce may
riage! Make n
ve thy husband? A
t up, by crime m
en
women, singing the marria
ent at the roya
way the scept
ld dominion i
eople come, ye
scepter-beari
bull shall stoo
fer, knowing
air Lucina;
loody hand of M
tions peace,
, sacrifice
awful bridals
rkness with t
h slow step, di
temples with
bringest in the
on the lov
hining maids an
the virgin b
men, and the st
nwalled town,
etus try you
in the clear
s' sacred wa
he wild thunde
yoke to tiger
ian prince. Th
tripod, Dian's
oxer Pollux; C
e palm to Jas
heaven, ever
women, he ex
eauty in the
the other maid
rise pales the
on with bright
rescent horns,
like white cloth
erd sees the li
th the dawn.
nce to clasp
and reckless,
Colchian marriag
in-'tis her fat
ng of the thyr
me to light the
ipping wine put
music of the
ss their jests;
home to wed a
way into the
T
en
a, N
wedding chorus
ie! I could
dly yet believe
son's deed? Of
eft, can he d
n a foreign
th who saw the
ed? thinks, perch
ssed by every
ted, seeking
her's love-he
hrust the steel!
barbarian ci
and knows not, th
rn to mind ex
treasure of
rade, wicked m
imb and scattere
to his fathe
boiling cauldr
basely, bu
wrath, unhapp
choice, by f
r constrained? H
eel the sword.
milder words.
as, if this
, still let him
till the memo
Creon's; he
arriage, sever
ldren from their
y the penalt
home in ashes,
ea's dreaded ca
e only afte
t, I implore th
bosom. He wh
ounds, with pati
find healing
, when open ha
enge
is grief that
sel. Great wrongs
olved on
Foste
fury; hardly
gh s
ne tramples
ars th
s is no pl
hast cou
It can
should be o
. To
une, hope poin
ho cannot hope d
is far away, th
hes nothing no
w remains! Here
d, god and th
king is t
I claim
fa
thou then no
w warriors sprin
Thou'
. I w
e. F
, I repent
hou art
thou sees
ilt thou
ly, but fi
eance may f
may, pe
s to hind
Restrai
threaten madl
t thyself to fo
s, not my spiri
s,-who is this?
ith Grecia
en
h Attenda
is Medea of t
n ??tes, n
plotting evil
well I know h
are, or whom let
d thought t
word, but Jason'
ife. She may g
et our city f
erce, she seeks to
ep her off, bi
arn at last, a
Go, haste, and
lt is punished
nnocent, may ask,
hou wilt ju
Kings c
st, a king m
st kingdom nev
hence! See
Willing
ght me hither ta
come late, my edi
ho judges, one s
st judge, though
listening to the
e to hear so g
it is to calm
es the scepter
ill sufficient,
t in my father
sport of fortun
ne, forsaken,
y father was
ed from the
Phasis in its
Euxine touches
y the water fr
maiden cohorts
on, all these
her's kingdom
y and with pri
eek, sought the
ortune cast me
ile. Put thy t
ou mayst put in
ere at will! Kings
honor time c
retched, and
retreat. This
his at least I
ower of Grecia
, the offsprin
they owe t
elted rocks and
ollux are my
nd Lynceus whos
eyond the Euxi
Argonauts. O
hiefs, I do no
ught; those have
. Rehearse, now,
confess; this
rgo! Had I he
odesty or f
r leaders had
n-in-law, had
the fire-b
trample on m
uccored princ
compense for
ou wilt, but tel
my guilt-guil
uppliant, I tou
utstretched hand
a refuge, so
hide in; gra
safe asylum
t leave
rince who rules
the wretched
n this true by
on-in-law
t resource, in
astus, king
roy, that so
th age, bowed do
e torn asunder?
sisters imp
; if thou would
he can prove
d has stained him
sword, are yet u
ator of all
wantonness in
geous heart-and
ngdom; take thy
ear; dwelling
nvoke t
hou bids
ship and comra
go alone? N
both should go for
een two equa
ell for Jason'
ht, rapine, a
ted father;
hich a husband
inned, but ne
t begone, why waste
t going make on
er's guilt dra
father I will
a fathe
By futu
appy marriage,
h fickle fortune
grant the ex
ance about to d
on her chi
Thou
commit n
In so b
me were
o time t
who woul
Dost th
ort space fo
. Dee
t thy prayer; y
h thou mayst pr
the favor! Of t
draw. I would
he coming day i
ave the city
alls me, and
ws to
ne
y ventured who w
t a pathway thro
ative land be
lue; who to t
fe, his slende
fe and death. O
ed age, and o
born he lived
his father's
ich, he knew
land afforded
nstellations, n
tars that paint
to shun the
rthern Wain, th
es driven;
Zephyr give
s the first to
canvas; for the
rl the sail; or
onged to fly b
ail fluttered in
wisely severe
Thessaly u
ters bring us
leader paid
ffs, the gateway
h smitten by t
oned waters sm
ed, and from hi
rudder; Orphe
ed; the Argo los
by her girdle
e Sicilian str
uths, who fears
tremble at th
irens calm the A
rpheus' lyre h
rs of ships t
rney's prize? Th
er than the
for those firs
ts its former
ws; and not a
ed, manned by
other ships ma
ved, new city wa
il, and nothi
n. The cold A
s; the Persian q
ome with the sl
trike off the chai
orld be opene
ys, shall wi
e to be earth'
T
en
a, N
er-child, why fly
th! curb thy imp
te, frantic
h rage divine,
snowy Pindu
so Medea w
her; on her che
, her visage fl
s. She cries
calding tears; a
rge within her
tens, makes complain
fling the bur
engeance? where w
sion overflo
ime, no or
elf; I recogni
mething terri
human, devil
rt the horro
eek how to show th
And must I t
ge the royal
rove unfruitful,
st effort? Wh
in the heavens;
nd the earth with ch
lie unnumbered
, the night bri
ver wet in
pole; while rive
ever cease to s
ceness of a r
r Charybdis
of the wi
lian seas; o
prisoned grea
flame, so glow a
rivers, nor th
fanned, can im
w and bring to
the king? Thes
nothing. He was
e gave his ha
ought his wife
red to do. He m
me delay of b
anted for my
complaint of t
for much; thi
ll ever hide.
and shake the
hy spirit so d
t thy storm-toss
can never fi
th me to ruin;
to share one's
thou hast to fea
ely fight with
en
ithdraws; e
is ever hard;
ter if it s
medies worse th
aith with her
to die; woul
ar myself. No
honor, love ha
er's death invol
e, if thou dw
e to witness
father! Say t
urns the yoke, s
more worth than
ed, I go to he
ight of me, her
e shows a
Jason,
not new to c
banishment al
exiled hithe
compellst me,
hall I go? Sh
olchis, and my
atered by a bro
thou command me
ws through whic
nces when I
through the
os? Tempe? T
y I opened
st myself. Whe
into exile, b
anishment. I
sa's father, b
o his biddin
punishment,
enalties let
ress, load my h
geon of eter
'tis less th
ne, recall t
soldiers, who
her; and the
, whose watchfu
dragon, at my
lain; the man
athered. Think
that old man's
aged father, d
safety, by thy
gon, by these bl
d from doing
ears, and by
our marriage,
give me som
shed gold the S
ar as India's
e palace hardl
our groves with
rother only b
thee I sacri
ther, brother,
rriage portion
o goes an
Creon thought to
yers, he gave t
d for a reward
exi
hou mayst fly,
ings is ever h
t me such advice
dst divorce
Medea taunt me
treacheries
anst tho
ins to
l I have
eeds that I shou
se thy
e are they,
minal who rea
ld brand thy wi
efend and call
ed for thee, tow
my life is an
h I am
Who is
ife to me ca
s' sake control th
ve none of them,
shall Creus
bro
n exile's w
ueen will
. Nev
that mingles a
orthy,-Ph?bus
ns of S
What, c
rag both to ba
n has heard
What ca
e? Some crim
A princ
e and
a's wrath m
ur power, the
Jas
sion-weary
rust a fate to
as ever served m
Acastus
eon's a n
l fall. Medea
st arm thyself a
ands with mur
me inno
Who wil
r ensue, and
for
o them the C
, Scythian hos
conque
I great
er's po
Do not
t short our conve
pic
from high O
piter; stretch
ghtning, from
remble, nor with
me; whichev
thy avengin
istake t
Try t
alm thyself. I
eon's house, thou
s strong enough,
ings; this boon
hildren with
soms I would
s are t
I might gra
e forbids me
mpel me to i
rrow of a grie
ive, I soone
embers, l
'Tis well! He
place where he m
e I go, thou wilt
give my sons a
e? But one th
e poured forth thr
ot in mind; l
r speech, my
ite
have eras
brance. I wou
ntly; calmness
t Ja
ne
a, N
! And can it be
and all my g
shall Medea
all thy power
me is thine, to s
less, so they
do not dream tho
e, be bold
yea, that whi
urse, companion
rtunes, aid my
gift of the h
of a king's
o my father
a necklace of
diadem, inl
used to bind my
poison by my
carry for me
cate, bring th
tars. Let the
all th
en
he power of flame,
rt, nor cloudy
s; fear not when
een its widely
one hastes seaw
p the snow u
s flows i
d, loving whil
lindly burns he
res not, will no
sk your grace
sed the seas; t
s conquered kin
son, we
outh who dared
eping not the
rious fires hi
ils of the wel
aths your fath
federations
ill inv
ped the oars of
their shade the
ed between the
any hardship
r anchor on a
with ravishe
arful death up
iolat
eep demande
n unskillfu
n a foreign c
ther's kingdom,
shades, unde
er still harb
ships, remem
hat she lo
's son, who tou
the floods stood
nd the birds f
llowed him, on
ead borne down b
in the Styx an
again
hrew the nort
on of Neptune
rms; but afte
and and sea, an
Dis, lying
body to th
is wife's gift
ith Centau
a victim to
nia; Mele
ther, stained hi
other. They
what the crim
ercules long so
as drawn benea
oldiers, boldly
the gentl
rpents burie
h he knew the f
hers true, fa
hebes; and he w
eks fell headl
was meet
en by the thu
ocean; and P
husband, so a
nded that th
the ships ha
seething cauldro
its. 'Tis eno
avenged
T
en
with horror! R
her wrath inf
e awakes, thus
ng and att
ven. Greater c
es, for as wit
e sanctuary o
all her threats;
ow brings forth;
evils, arts
nd outstretched
s with their fie
Taurus with per
Drawn by he
rags his heav
tongue, and seeks
incantation,
swelling body
eble poisons ear
s,' she says, 'he
time for de
ke a torrent
ds the Great and
iuchus shall l
ow. Be presen
ared to fight
ain by Hercu
nd. Thou watchful
the rest-thou,
ncantations.'
been called she
rbs; all Eryx'
open top of
eus' blood, wher
rich Arabia
shafts, or the
s; all the brav
an forests in
the earth bring
nesting; or w
y the beauty
e world in i
ves flower the c
ted root, her ha
salian Athos
ndus; on Pan
nder herbs wit
tured with its c
ose; Hydaspes
rrent warm thro
s its name to n
e western oc
se. Those have be
bs at dead of n
athered with the
ants she chooses
nd she takes i
rt, the quivering
d owl living;-
ger force of f
itter cold of
adds the veno
feared. She sta
the world tremb
en
re the alta
invoke you,
, blind Chaos
, and squalid
nks of Tartarus
ridal leave yo
ou whirling whe
und; come, Tan
wave of the
nishment on Cr
isyphus, worn s
?des who st
eaking jars, I
nvocation, s
m most horrible
ce, thou three
rding to my c
nfilleted a
cred groves; cal
ies; have driven
ocean to with
's laws confused,
her, and the
dden ocean.
the seasons:
hes with summ
est; Phasis'
ource; the Dan
mouths restra
ly moving past
silent; but th
oar; the home o
fy shade; the
the sun stands
ons move the
hy hour
dy hands have wr
rpents girt; tho
phon bore, wh
ingdom; Nessus g
ta's funeral
ch have drunk t
cules; and h
eful brand. T
n the pathless d
they fled from
dropped by the
ound of arrows
Lern?an
a voice, the t
favoring goddes
-not the full-
heaven; but as, wi
the Thessali
ce upon my al
t. Terrify w
rth! Costly C
honor, Hecate,
blood I pay th
ee have stolen
gives its balefu
wed head I have
ance with my
illeted, have p
grows beside the
?nad, laying
nife I cut fo
the altars! H
arest! See, my b
seus, have I as
all no more my
lways I inv
ake alone! En
aleful power
first touch co
poison in her
id in the brigh
e and taught m
his daring the
vitals. Mulcib
nd I in sulph
ark from the d
have the flame
a, and the fi
age bull; and mix
om. I have b
orcery; now
oison, aid the
; let them dec
uch; let the he
and veins, st
nes in smoke.
brightly than th
d, and Hecate t
e from her fun
Call my sons. M
rne by them to
ns, a hapless
ts and prayers y
with speed, tha
t emb
ne
the blood-stained M
What mischief
face grows rigi
es; threatens the
eve her exiled
crimson, pallo
color linger
driven to an
, of its youn
anges in the
not how to c
love and hate
eave the fair P
hian one, and f
ngdom? Drive wi
a; let the sw
Hesperus, end
C
en
ger, C
ste]. All are destroyed
d lie in one fu
troyed by w
. That wh
prince
uld these
self wonder, an
plished, though
w did it h
. A destr
here as at com
n fear, the p
water quench
. It will
cle floods f
ht it so much m
en
a, N
Medea! Swiftl
ek in haste a
fly? I? Were
n for this, t
als. Dost thou pa
t the beginni
love if thou
son. Seek n
ne and maid
evenge pure hands
drooping spirit
heart its all o
now call honor;
ee how light, h
me-the prelude
reat my novice h
madness of my
ow, through
e through thee
hrough thee his li
y father lost t
rmed by thee hi
eek revenge!
crime; what wilt
nst thy hate
at my maddene
I confess i
de haste-woul
by this other
sa bore them!
heart at last fi
prepared for t
ce my children
feit for your
spirit and benu
wildly; mother-
and; shall I sh
blood? Demente
this crime! Wha
heir father?-g
dea claims th
ons of mine, s
t them perish
innocent-my
tears already m
ove like adver
ere? As when the
aves against e
eaten; duty d
duty. Anger di
solace of a st
he may have
too! But he ha
om my boso
ing-perish the
My wrath aga
o wherever
children of t
ere mine, tha
ons! In beari
ursed! And ye
other, that I
horde of furies
are their fir
ernal band its
era seek with
agon lashes i
tain brings its
her, and he s
ust the torches
furies have me
and the aveng
d the shades to
nal regions
o myself, and u
soul has found revenge.
dden noise? Th
drive me in
on the high r
body with me.
hid thy power,
hou ar
d the living boy, and carries w
ne
, Medea with the childr
aithful one
tunes of your
the author of t
ither, cohorts
weapons; overt
captured now my
d my father;
ce; my kingdom
rginity re
d, marriage, a
geance is comp
thy hands are
? Why hesitate
All thine anger
of that whic
hou do it, m
e! Ruth shall
joy fills my un
joy increases
acking-Jason
as not seen I
ns from the roof;
ish burned with
h the funeral p
tomb. To Creo
ady paid th
ad, and this s
alt see him
By th
ight together
illingly for
ere is any cri
h, strike down
thou askest mercy
rust the sword.
ide, desert a
ne suffice f
Had i
satisfy my ha
ne. But two is
fill up the meas
ng but that tho
eedy
grief, take
; haste not,
the oth
y me, mine
ost thou
is well! I
nothing more tha
rateful Jaso
I am wont to
h the skies; two
submissive to
r through heave
of her children, and is borne aw
the skies sublim
ll not in the hea
GHTERS
TIS P
mem
ys
rr
lc
thy
yan
cu
rom
le
yxe
Old
sen
of Troj
ne-
GHTERS
C
en
ho puts his trust
ince's court wi
of heart, dread
appy lot con
oy's. Never by
frail a thing
capital, the
she beneath who
rink the Tana
evenfold outlet
ee the new-born
ters with the b
alls and towers,
id her rui
troy the city;
home of Kin
not the eager
Troy. The sky is
ough enveloped
ashes. Eager
ds and measures
g ten years; de
es that he has
es her conquer
are busy wit
ps will hardly
adverse deit
hes, and thou,
th the ruins
the mighty, in
ye my offspring,
have happene
s of Apollo,
ed belief, h
ith child, have
ilence, though
o has prophe
not the cr
nions of his
, who flung int
e; the glowing
of life, why
recall more
roy is now an
urder of a king
tar's foot all
e, when ?acu
n the twisted l
ad, and drove
nd; freely it w
, and yet drawn
s the blood o
cruel death a
e; and the i
he deed; and f
cannot stay t
father of s
ave, and in the
e, and yet the
ed; behold, th
Priam's daught
and I go t
Hector's wife
nor's; nor ar
thee, Cassand
I alone affri
lamentations,
ite your breasts,
, home of you
your sorrowf
en
orus of Tr
hose weep who are
ons have not
hen the Phrygia
cl?; and th
ele, through
. Ten times t
Ida-Ida stri
jan dead with
rembling reaper
ed grain from Il
has seen us fr
k new mourning
hy breast: thy
inept at
Faithf
my grief, unbi
oulders let i
ashes; come with
sened robes, a
modest bosoms,
owing tunics, f
requent beating
tisfied, I
ollowers; a
lamentations.
for He
e unbind
in wild lame
g ashes on ou
be to drop from
soms now inv
hy power; let Rh
lows, nor from
und the closi
ice repeat eac
ocean hear. Wi
be content with
p for
our hands have to
oulders; Hector
ows and lacera
icted in thy fu
low with blood.
thy land, he
aried Phrygian
ee supported,
. With thee thy
m and Hector's
iam, smite for
as tears
f Phrygia, twic
s, receive our w
t king, Troy su
weapons were he
y made a targe
and when that
ring, had been
sire, the funeral
great Jove, thy
Sigea'
Women
your tears; no
ther all, thri
nded to the l
ver bear on c
yoke; nor th
hrewd Ulysses
hies on his ne
mph; feel his
back; nor add
ne, forced in
Agamemnon'
appy Priam! as a
d of spirits
fe shadows of
among the pea
r Hector. Ha
, who, dying in
to destructio
T
en
Chorus of
delay, that holds
ek for war or f
t the reason of
the Greeks the
ble, and my spirit
s will hardly
myself; Tita
mits, dayspring
en, with a mutt
in the woods the
rests and th
h mighty ruin
summit; nor
ocean also
ng, and laid b
arth a gloomy
opened up
the tomb gav
ade of the Thes
when, preparin
to flight the
eptune's shining,
eathing battle
ivers with the
andered over
hannels; or as
ar, a victor,
oy behind him
ce rang out alon
lothful ones,
the thankless
s. Not lightly
; that wrath sh
rothed to me
acrifice at
b glow crimson.
y with night, a
Dis. He took
ve him, and the
d, the raging
ean murmured,
deep their h
en
non, P
ward turning, you w
ls, Achilles w
ruck down, Troy
ath, was but s
ubtful whither
ill to give hi
te. Already all
ff their prize
ice have you
valor? Does h
hun the batt
appy age, ou
ars of Pylo
other's mantle,
s. When Tele
lles entranc
a, with his r
lles' hand, but
ng. When Thebe
s conquere
aptive. With lik
us, built at I
d was capture
royal strife,
n Tenedos, an
h fertile past
rd, and Lesbos
aits, Cilla t
atever land
depths of water
r, glory, h
ut on the mar
d so great th
ready for his
silent of hi
be enough tha
uered Ilium; a
ade it naught.
raises and ill
ire: how Hect
and father p
lies slain, whose
ht of day, wit
te; and at his
bles, and, a
touch the chi
rsh queen, thy
Wouldst thou
, then yield hi
ld ask a virgi
Mycene. Dost
nt, art loth t
am's child, t
s sacrificed
unaccustomed
no power to check
fault of youth
others is the
his father's
ce I stood the
erce son; mo
ost strong. With s
ur illustrious
w much the con
suffer. 'Tis t
hly rules, rule
rtune doth ex
man power, so
ods who too m
ndful of unc
k. In conquering
t greatness is
umph too soon
ks, in that place
ave been, and
oudly; Fortune'
they oft in ot
st me proud, but
eem my scept
th idle glitte
rnament? Fa
ll it need a th
ten years' war.
o, oh Argive
I have trou
onquered; but I
shed and laid her
d, who gains
ks not his rag
ruel or un
any, anger w
ness and the s
lood and seeking
ands of ruined
nishment-mor
acted; that
nd, offered as
hould crimson
this hateful
I will neve
would rest th
not crime when
ands
ll Achilles
empty
, all shall t
ds shall sing h
de would take
pon his ashes,
ep, rich sacri
ause a sorrowin
this, by whic
to one gone
soil thy fath
enge, command
rence wi
Harsh kin
ile favoring f
aught threaten
d with love and
bear away from
les back, with
nd, if thou w
eater, and who
orthy. All too l
slaughter, Priam
s, indeed, the wor
ith relentles
ppliant prayer
ur father's foes w
his prayer hims
ask, and over
g in thy tent,
essions of
Aj
t thy father d
he slaughter
f the fleet,
nd with his pl
ly hi
Mighty He
rms but feared A
hat fear peace
hessalia
. There w
Hector's father
rant kings li
. Why wou
hand cut short
ives often death
seeks now a vir
emst it crime to
heir children, kings s
ares captives or d
w forbids not, hon
ors is permitted
t should wish to w
thou sayest to us,
eavy yoke, whom
this the boa
. There
r's blood
. Shut in
the seas are kin
and Thyestes'
f Achilles ere h
aid he ravis
Achilles, who,
e world held s
m his mother,
from Jupiter
les, who by Pari
om the gods att
rb thy insolence
ble, but my s
nquere
e soldiers, wh
god's int
ldiers go out, C
ne
, Pyrrhus
] Thou, who hast freed
r's delay; a
ven; to whom th
acrifice, in
through heaven its
of fate; whose
of doom; speak
god commands,
wise co
ate a path
nly at the wo
t be slain u
alian leader
those Thessali
r bridals, or
Mycene; and
rrhus to his f
ghtly wed. Y
se that holds o
flow for blood,
lyxena. Whom f
Priam, Hecto
om Troy's wall sha
ousand sails make
en
of Troj
or does an
dream that af
one shuts the w
day's sun has
ral urn has
l live on amo
ail to bear th
? Must miser
eyond? Does n
eting spirit
n the dreaded
dy, does no p
he rising su
ver ebbing
with blue w
egasean fli
of whirling con
ling of their
es. As obliq
so all must s
es once the
e god, exist
smoke from smo
s, or as a
wind scatters,
that rules u
nothing; deat
mete of a s
souls gives h
to their fe
and the aby
to the flesh,
; T?naris,
my monarch,
berus and guar
y rumors, se
hat trouble an
ther go we
e who never h
T
en
che, An
ar your hair, my P
asts and mar your
ht that has the
you but now, f
hilles urged a
hind his wheel
of wood from
, and under Hec
elmed and crushe
, for I was stu
followed He
om the Greeks,
my heart, forba
till to ask th
nger life
my sorrow's r
r. All chance
, and worse are
ss to fear wher
den fear assails
reat misfortunes,
fill the measu
hould wish, what can
entrance of the
yx lies open
ough of fear,
m Dis. Can Gree
y is equal; Ph
ar; a dream of
y terr
What drea
t night's second wat
were turning f
came an unaccu
ed; on my eye
f that dull le
rief-worn souls
s stood Hecto
the Greeks ave
give fleet wit
with slaughter '
Achilles' ar
layed Achilles
. Not with flam
rred with tears
ll unkempt his
d to see him.
ad: 'O faithfu
son and hide hi
p not! Do you
fallen! Haste
the child.'
d a trembling
d my eyes now he
e, careless
ector, but the
my arms, elud
son of an il
e; last of a st
spring of an
ather! Such my
gait, his man
s, and so his s
th bold brow whe
! Oh, born too
e, will ever c
, when thou sh
lead from flight h
defending m
a name to Tro
of my fate, I
fe is all that
lace of safe
That high citad
eets are flame,
mighty city
de an infant.
n I find? Th
band-this the fo
riam, in his
ous hand, great
ust a father
men of the pl
my trembling me
ay choose, the wret
ay not hide him
me one
Cover up
ur d
And if the f
estruction of the
ved a man tha
ady
No other h
heavy burde
e once more in
ts it to h
n. Vic
nly in the f
] What distant, pathless
thee, give th
w as ever gu
cret of thy fai
usted ashes t
ou into thy f
urn and shun t
y father's str
. Put by thy in
ake what fortu
eft of all th
ild, a capti
ortunes. Dar
er's sacred res
nd thou hast
thee aid, tho
ulcher will safe
ou shouldst draw
r is lightlier borne
ill I go, since
a while, but check
recian leader
en
a retinue of warriors.
g a messenger
not mine the b
his is but the
ks, too long fr
ild: him do th
hope for but a
l them still to
their armor, w
ves strength t
s the god's
ophet Calchas
oken; Hector
: those sprung
great. With pr
k, the young an
rnal herd and
ee is cut, the
self above th
h, and lifts its
nce has left fro
gth; like these
h our act, you w
harsh of judgmen
ers, ten long
, grown old, ou
len Troy, som
ng thing that mov
tor; free them
e holds back ou
ships. Too crue
nded Hector'
s once; with pa
urselves
he. Alas
wert within th
ew what fate en
ds thee, torn f
were pierced with
ast with woundin
e were girdled
ff my mother-
fortune holds
derer in an un
lames of Troy
nqueror in thy
ome wild beast, p
mit, food fo
retend. Thou mayst
have power
les, although
pty plots; wh
is my Hector? Wher
seek'st one, I s
hou refusest wi
t be forc
e. She re
ught, nay, who
h may put an end t
if thou hop'st thro
speak, threa
me a wished-
, scourge, torment
hy heart's deep
stronger far
mes, wounds, hunger, t
all torments, sw
bosom, or th
ry, fearful
ving mother kno
s love, in which tho
y, admonishe
heir own chil
ng ten years,
ss the danger Ca
I feared-but
r Tele
che. Un
ecians joy, b
ish must conf
n of Atreus,
ont, to the P
s: great Hecto
prove it to
e. Fall o
ill the victo
y an easy, tim
underneath m
ctor lie his
that, hidden f
mb, among the
ed then the fate of
sage of esta
. [He turns to go
wouldst
trusted thee, th
uld a mother
augury of dre
uguries, who fe
ith an oath-yet
orse to fear?
hast of cunn
hole Ulysses; tr
other; see-she m
ns every way he
ar attentive;
thou hast need
other mothers' loss '
d one, we mus
lost a son whos
headlong from t
the ruined
ife fails, I faint, I
es my
. She trembles;
; she is betr
e fear. [To h
y; somewh
ile concealed,
st enemy of T
[After a pause as though the
taken; hasten
y do you look aroun
oy is
Would fear w
ed, and now too
ns its
ince by ha
the lad forestal
fering from th
ow obey the s
prophet: this m
ips at last ma
mb be leveled
ttered on the
nd, since Hecto
stined
de]. Alas, what
distracts me
husband's sac
ers? O inex
my husband-
n my son 'tis t
d my son shal
image! Shall
he waves? Nay,
mother bear t
Troy's tower dow
l, that Hecto
tor's sport. T
death has made
one shall pa
in doubt? Thy He
h one is Hector
avenger of his
them both, w
e whom most the
fulfill the orac
to its fo
he. Whic
o it, I will le
sepu
call the fai
h, to aid; com
her's g
e tomb shal
ed with
e. This c
unned; ye've sack
g gods, ye've s
ffer it, unar
ed host; rage give
savage Am
army, or the
thyrsus, by the
spreads terror
, I'll rush into
r ashes die. [She places
ly to the shri
oman's wrath a
o? Do quickl
the grave, Andromache
ord must first sla
k. Hector, come f
he fate's delay
ief-thy shade
ngs and flashe
you Hector?
eive
ll lay it in
What have I done? To
n together; y
tions I may m
t weight will p
sure; O my wret
r the fates de
ather not o'e
not upon his
self at the fe
t thy feet
my right hand cla
a suppliant
a mother; he
on the fallen
gods lift up to
antst the wretche
o again thou
old Laertes'
re he see the
and outrun th
rtune, and his
his gifts ou
a mother to
e remains
the boy, then thou
ther from thy hidin
mother's lame
ne
ndromache,
sses, this is h
els, behold him
t the feet of
erence; nor th
bids the wretc
yal race, the
h all the world
aptive on thy
y mother's tea
woes. [To Ulysses.]
f a royal chi
iam turned asi
des; he, the
sts, who from the
is a hidden,
quered by his y
said, 'the rei
ther's kingdom
h a better fait
captives of t
entle wrath
arms alone
to thee? Of
thy feet a supp
ee his life; l
e will Tro
the mother's sor
thers' sorrow
ne this child wou
e ruins of a lan
Or could these
ope, if such
n no longer c
ld his father's
y destroyed, hi
urage which grea
your wish, wha
noble neck to
ave. Who ever
unty to
The see
sses who den
ficer of fraud,
valor never
d guile of whose
fallen, dost th
od or prophet?
rt. Thou, who by
last one dee
boy's de
y valor to
o the Phrygians
aste the day
ps weig
. Grant a
other, for m
ffice, satiate
orrow, with a
d that I might
, I grant thee
weeping ever
e of love, light of
ojan dead, fea
mpty hope, for
that thou mights
thy father's
my vows; thou ne'
the kingly
o thy people,
th thy yoke, n
g Pyrrhus at th
y slender hand
hunt the dwell
festival, in
noble band of
ltars with swif
oing of the tw
honor with ac
emples. Oh, mo
row knows no limit
arrow is the time
al boon: that wi
es be bound.
t feared alrea
ts thee; go,
free T
. Mother
thy mother's hands
in a refuge? T
seeks his moth
of the lion;
lion driv'n, t
shed, and dragged
ches from thy m
tears, my kisse
er, bear him t
t: 'If still t
s, if died not
ove, why lea
Grecians? Hec
old and vanquis
again.' Take t
these alone I h
eath, and take t
ther; leave th
ched his tomb an
it well so a
its fol
p no more, b
ays the sailin
en
of Troj
alls the capti
lian hills? o
riors? Trachin
le? or the great
the spacious
undred towns?
ricca? or Mo
requent rivers
adow of the ?t
bowmen came, n
the wall
ose homes li
hateful to t
he ocean's cur
unting heaven
othous? There
teacher of the
plectrum from th
red the boy with
stus, for its
Chalcis, lyin
t sea whose h
ait; Calydna's w
enoessa; or
us near the
; Enispe
or Eleusis,
holy, secre
eek great Aja
he home of s
that the Ti
waters? Scar
Pharis, Pis
lympian g
what tempest
nd it bears u
rse alike of G
land of Argos
ops, Neritus
imits than Za
ng cliffs of
t fate, what
In whose realm m
T
en
a, Andromach
. Whatever sad and jo
r, lamentation
len. Even to
ortune, bidd
hat Achilles
ather, and dem
ornaments. B
ud, must Pari
s were happie
th must be a l
o his bidding?
s the crime rem
to Po
ghter of Troy'
on thy misf
thee a happy
unfallen Troy
for the brigh
ian race, the
f the wide Th
his by lawful
and the ocean
ntle nymph of
eirs; when thou a
ll thee kin, a
be of mourning
unlearn the cap
llful hands to
Perchance fate
lace to seat th
ofit to have
ne ill only lacked
e Pergamus sti
arriage! Dare
d persuade, who
nations owe to
yal tomb, these b
ttered over a
the cause. All
s for thee, whils
husbands fight
sh the victor!
ed; what need
ts, when burnin
these new brid
omen, hono
of Pyrrhus. Smite
eep a
t comfort
r, which loses
ers of its gr
d before this
fered heavier il
mourns He
s for Priam
eep for Pari
hateful to b
rs I bore the ca
d low, her h
ose one's land
. Your sorrow fr
and conquere
was doubt whom thou
s me hence wit
I the bringe
crian carnage?
artan keel th
gian oars I am
rious goddes
ris' judgmen
ge awaits me
Menelaus. W
ut by thy gri
myself rest
reat the ill that
weep? What tr
e Ithacan? F
tower, will he
s? Or hurl he
liff which, from
hallow bay,
hou cover with
eavier than t
son of Pri
tell the penalt
at at least th
dost not find
Apollo's prophet
lay of my s
on Achilles
ain by Pyrrhu
of thy fate
lles bids them
his manes,
Elysian
joy, Hecuba sinks fa
with what joy a
bids them brin
er hair. She dee
e of Pyrrhus,
. The wretched
spirit fails
thy heart, be
y a thread-how s
She breathes,
ies the
ives Achi
jans? Still pu
hand of Pari
chilles drink
ircled by a
by their kiss
her love amon
ne is left; f
ace, healer of
ild of Hecu
ll me mother
lip away, spare
w my cheeks-a
om her e
e are the one
om, scattered
hips shall ca
find at leas
il of her love
known, yet more tho
any portion of
al urn has giv
ll I master? Speak,
sl
ve thee to th
Cassandra, whom
from su
rince of kin
, rejoice, my c
ridals, and C
Is there any o
or his b
hou fall
nwilling
ba.
ss, cruel, u
lot to be the
endly thus div
biter forbids
ith Achilles'
ector's
ysses
d captive am
ll misfortune
me, and not my
sterile, by rou
old my grave! L
delay not
hee; my fate
m will rest upo
flame shall rag
m's! When these
unishment shal
, from thee I s
rrhus comes with
ce. Why pause?
ubled bosom d
thy Achilles
ed men, up,
hy sword; drag of
deous slaughter
t in heaven and
ay for thee?
tes; I pray the
he Pelasgians,
at I fain would
me hence
en
a nation's grief
e lamentatio
s and grief is le
rrow, cruel
ee its lot b
not alone it
hapless fate
lf forlorn, thou
happy near h
rom the weal
attle that en
lift again his
comparison ma
n hopeless ru
appy. He depl
, naked, finds t
rs with calme
s, a thousand ves
empest, sees th
ore, the while t
coast, nor h
beggar. When t
leader of the flo
lle, Phryxus m
pped into th
on's wife, rest
they saw the s
of living men
eet shall scat
lamentations.
dding spread th
s, and Troy's sh
nd grow faint and
e, Mount Ida
sorrow; then wh
shall gaze. The
le, 'There where
there is Ilium.'
s know the
C
en
dromache,
itter, cruel,
ars of crime wh
ars encounter
I lament? Thy
Or thine, th
r woe thou mour
fs only others
s of all, all
ows all who cal
ering ever loves
aths-the tale
tell
One mighty
e is left; from
biter of war,
oops; and in t
sing arms, em
en that hero
rd the trembling,
wed the child its
e former glory
ely, ruined
ong of chiefs a
rted ships th
the hills some
ising cliffs,
; some climb the
ll beneath the
rembles; some ha
some climb a sw
urret of the
lookers-on, mou
crowded space, w
Ithacan, an
andson; nor with
g hero mount
the top, with
agle glance fr
tender cub of
o raven with i
ly, and proudl
is brave and
right hand o
d leaders and
t weep for whom
e Ithacan be
tic message a
ods, he leaps
riam's kingd
er such a deed by
cythians, or t
eside the Cas
blood Busiris'
feasted his
imbs! Who took
bore it to t
d that headlong leap
pieces by th
noble form,
ious father, are
roken is his
pieces on the
ains gush fort
d of
Like Hector,
m the wall the boy
ans wept the
se same Achaian
les' tomb. W
aters beat th
he tomb the le
pward, and surr
mphitheater;
h lookers-on, w
death their ves
es to think the f
ff. The fickl
the most part
aste with no
eral rites, and,
al fall of rui
iage, sudden
orches; Hele
he bride, with
e daughter
ygians pray, 'ba
sband.' Terr
eoples. With her
s the victim;
beauty shine
ight of Ph?bus
tting, when t
rkened by app
ilenced; all me
e: some praise
moves some, and
ss of fortun
heart by her c
ath. She comes,
remble, pity;
n his father's gr
tands, the noble
linchingly th
pirit moves the
rodigy-Pyrr
at length, with
the hilt the
st; the life-bl
wound; in deat
ong; with angry
ke the earth a
' breast. Bot
offer only f
urn more freel
; her blood l
nor flowed away
ruelly
, conqueri
your homes; wi
safely skim the
id are dead, t
e my woe, where
y of the slow
ep? my husband,
ourn the livi
th, with violenc
ens, but thou fle
ought, mid fire, and
ot the foe, n
slay me, thoug
Pri
ybius, coming fro
men, seek
s are filled, the