small capital, however, can be used to increase the returns to as great advantage o

of ordinary stable manure contains about 1275 pounds of organic matter, carrying e

ly for that reason, but also on account of its immediate availability. Further, the mechanical effect of this ma

is worth at least two dollars-that is the least Eastern farmers pay for similar material, and they make money doing it. Yet almost every liveryman has to pay some one for hauling the manure away. This is simply because farmers livi

oad of street sweepings into a hole in a vacant lot. It would have

lizer, analyzing five per cent available nitrogen, six per cent phosphoric acid, and 8 per cent potash, we shall find t

it. All this plant food, and perhaps one half more, can be drawn in a single load, whi

ded it is evenly distributed and thoroughly mixed through pro

phosphoric acid and potash are also present. It is found in the most available form in nitrate of soda. Nitrate of soda will benefit all crops, but it does not follow that it

eased value of crops due to nitrate does not in any case exceed $14 per acre, or a money return at the rate of $8.50 per 100 pounds of nitrate used, while in the case of the market-garden crops the value of th

me station, experimented with

zer Used Cost Per

nure

yard manure

d 400 lb. fertil

rate of soda a

egular season; their growth must be promoted or forced as much as possible, at the time when the natural agencies are not active in the change of soil nitrogen int

, beets, cabbage, etc. This is an extraordinary return for the money and labor invested; still, if the increased value of the crop were but $10, or even

gain in yield of early tomatoes of about fifty per cent, with an average increased value of crop of about $100 per acre.

ry plants. The effect was astonishing. The next year, having more confidence, we spread the nitrate

enough for the celery growers who set them out, they were

s than they could get from five hundred tons of manure per acre, provided it had been possible to have worked such a quantity into the soil. Ne

It has grown out of the discovery of the dependence of leguminous plants on bacteria which live

ca, under the experiments of Professor Moore

f the various leguminous plants such as clover, alfalfa, soy beans, cow peas, tares, and velvet beans. All of these plants are of incalculable value in different sections of the country as forage for farm animals.

hout the bacteria the plant can get only the nitrogen which is supplied from the soil in fertilizers

inoculated seed as reported by the Unit

d unfertilized strips, and stated that "inoculated seed did as much without fertilizers of any kind, as uninocul

s that nitrogen inoculation is useless where the soil alread

great advances in agriculture as in electricity, but the human race has

ed. One night the boys came running in to say that the wonderful coon was up in a persimmon tree in the middle of a ten-acre lot; so they got the dogs and the lanterns and guns and ran out, an

the little boy, "I thought yo

o we did; but it's very easy to see what

ves notice. The vacant public lands are for the most part desert-

us volumes of water that flow from the mountains to the sea, once harnessed and

nd that of the various states, we may look forward in the n

on needs, this now arid waste is far more productive than the Eastern states, where the crops are a

corn, gluten in wheat, except by planting varieties which are especially adapted to the production of the desired quality. The irrigation farmer, on the other hand, can produce this or that desirable qu

es the rule, even upon ungrateful soil; and this means considerably more than the annual foo

f from eight to ten tons of hay as a rule; occasionally some separate meadows will yield the fabulous amount-fabulous to-day but no longer fabulous to-morrow-of eighteen tons of

estern country of rich soil, which asks but a drink now and the

volutionized with the

ting the soil, has come into use recently, and will be found va

r can settle to the bottom. When the water rises nearly to the top of the tank

es of "laterals," laid from eight to twelve feet apart, as they would be laid for draining a field. These branch lines may be laid at an angle to the main trunk as may be most convenient; all the joints must be covered so as to keep out the flirt. The whole system should be laid deep enough in

n the sun for ten to twelve days, then turned into the pipes until the ground is well soaked, and then shut off and not allowed in the pipes aga

h crops will yield abundantly without irrigation, as in th

push and the ability to handle a fine crop to advantage, finds it a very profitable undertaking." ("Pr

wrote Mr. Smith, then in the midst of a serious drought, "the more firmly am I convinced that plenty of manure and then

drinks up the moisture from the soil unless we Prevent it. This we do by means of a soil "blanket," called a "mulch" This finely pulverized surface largely prevents the moisture below from evaporating, and at the same time keeps the surface in such condition that it readily absorbs the dew and the showers. Water moves in the soil as it does in a lamp wick, by capillary attraction; the more deeply and densely the soil i

have become so acclimated to dry conditions, similar to our own West, that we shall in time have plants thriving upon our so-called arid lands. We shall cover this arid area with plants of var

ions to available land in Prof. W. S. Thompson's "Population, a Study of Malthusianism": Col. U, 1915.) Frederick V. Coville, the chief botanist of the Department of Agriculture, does not hesitate

has been made to yield heavy crops of grain

and yield fifteen bushels to the acre. This however is

deep and cultivating six or eight times a season, thus retaining al

Fergus County, for instance, the wonderful yield of 45 bushels of wheat per acre is grown without irrigati

al Experiment Station began a ten-year experiment in potato-spraying to determine h

hels per acre, while three sprayings increased it 191 bushels. The gain was due chiefly to the prolongation of growth

on each acre. The result was arrived at from experiment, two thirds of which was by indep

to spraying was 62-1/2 bushels per acre, the average total cost of spraying 93 cents per acre; a

ests. Their expenses for appliances are not great, as they have already on hand the usual stock of farm tools, requiring only one or two seed drills, a small addition to their cultivating implements, and a few tons of fertilizer

ed $500 to set up the business, and run it until his shipments began to return him money. With the purpose of securing information on this interesting point, the writer asked for estimates from market gardeners in different localities, and the result has been that from Florida the reports of the necessary capital per acre, in land or i

so often see in the newspapers, telling how fortunes can be mad

the returns, which must necessarily be taken with considerable all

urns than this. It is not necessary to go off into the tropical wilderness seeking a fortune which is usua

lf hours-manure costs them nothing-for years they have been using the excavations from the old style privy wells, which has been hauled to their farm and deposited where they wished it, free. They have modern facilities, such as trolley and telephone, and are as much city men as any clerk in an office. They clear

putting capital into land at

mperature. Early vegetables pay best, and in order to obtain early produce, not only the air, but the soil as well, must be warmed; that is done by putting great quantities of properly mixed manure into the soil; its fermentation heats it. But with the present dev

tion in getting manure, and in delivering the produce from the railroads, appears in the early history of trucking. The railroads often crush out boat compe

r way the gardeners about New York early began pushing out along Long Island, using the waters of the Sound for transporting their produce. The trucking region on the eastern shore of Lake Michigan is another sample of the effect of convenient water transportation i

ailroads, such as The Standard Oil Company has made, of course additional prices could be gotten,

scale, much will depend on

at a profit; yet it is safe to say that ten men grow good

and Libert