English-Bisaya Grammar

Icao, ca.

Sia. Th

of the pers

t Pe

LAR.

We. Camé,

naco, ta. Of us.

aco. To us. C

r excludes not those, to whom he

Pe

LAR.

ou. Icao, ca

ou. Imo, nimo.

ou. Canimo. T

Pe

LAR.

e. Sia. T

Iya, nia. Of t

r. Cania. To

rbs. The nominative case ca must be placed before the verbs in th

arry. Icao

eep. Icao

. Dili ca

to you. Aron

tá (when all Christian

rs. Guino-o pasayloa c

third persons begin by a vowel, are placed before the nouns and

Ang acong

ey. Ang

ry. Ang a

l. Ang sa

. Ang im

eloved. Hini

rative

len

LAR.

ini. These.

iini. Of thes

iini. To thes

lso serve for distinguishing between substantives exposed or understood; and when

LAR.

speaker) cadto. Those. Cana

) niadto. Of those. Nianang

near.

s near

ear. Ca

near. Nia

. C

w. Ni

ma

o: cadto, is used to point out persons or things distant, both from the speaker and from the person spoken to. It is also emp

mployed also as a demo

ing. Caro

n.

noon.

ht. Caro

n. Quinin

n. Quining

at? Na-a ba canimo quin

I have this other. Uala canaco qui

ut this time. Nacabut si

sive p

s, and are always joined to a noun before it, when

Ang ac

rt. Ang

. Ang i?on

on. Ang rel

. Ang ato

ners. Ang mg

onouns.-Int

interrogative

?Qu

? ?O

h? ?

an? Quinsa ba

ere? Quin

ou? Quinsa

hat? Onsa

money? Hain b

ma

ion, but serves to point out the in

simple, are translated

himself. Naquita

shall have into hell Daco man ang cas

len from the cocoa-tree. Ang tao nga

cise

hurch-Have you this pen or that?-I have ne

me-Where is she? She is at home-Do you speak Bisaya?-N

take me to?-What is the date to day?-To day is the t

to them?-I spoke t

h Le

e adj

ves are formed by putting befo

r. M

. Ma

. Maan

Mang

ives the syllables on, hon, an

l Masaq

s. Mas

Malusp

Mamin

n, after the root, are formed adjectives sig

r. Ta

rked. B

Tam

Adun

es of distance: by means of the particle hi are for

t. H

eeder.

Hal

inker. H

o syllables of the root, and placing on, after

. Tala

ul. Sili

of quality by putting mangi bef

l. Mang

Mangia

uplicating the first syllable of

us. Mac

l. Maca

ng in between the first two syllables, and adding on

ul. Mati

t. Masi

e root, and adding on to the last, are formed adjectives

. Mapa

. Palab

x

nations. Ang mga maquinaadmanon nacatu

Naquita co ug usá ca h

eighbour. Ang taoo nga mangiloo

rci

lps to his neighbour-What have you to do?-I have to speak to the men-When have you to speak to them?-This evening-At what o'clock?-At half past eight-Have you my shirt or my sis

h Le

ive adj

press diminution, but also an accessory i

they have but two syllables, are formed by duplicating the root, and also,

e. Diutay

yes. Ma

use. Bal

lt. Sayop

come diminutives by putting

valiant.

fat. Mato

become diminutives by

weet. Mata

bitter. M

re formed diminutives express

s woman.

Cab

contemptible sense, serves to point out that

ine is that? ?Onsa

that? ?Onsa ba ang ca

of Com

ing to the superiority Lapi pa, to the equality ingon

x

e. D

Labi pa

Ang lab

l. D

Labi pa n

Ang labi

Good.

Labi pan

ng labi

Dau

abi pang

g labi ng

. La

Diut

Labi pa; d

Diriot pa; c

. Caayo o

Magsama sa

uch. Dil

x

I? ?Magsama ba sa cadaghan

an he. Diriot pa ang

mallest of all. Quining libro diutay man, cadto labi p

s larger. Quining calo dacó m

s mine? ?Ang imong cal

rge as your. Di

s we? Ang Pagsulat sa imong mga

s I? ?Nagabasa ca ba s

you. Masayo

r. Ang Dios mao ang l

rmed by translating the adverbs less by diutay,

x

coffee. Diriut pa an

tan mine. Ang amahan mo c

mother's. Ang singsing mo dili

e adverbs as or so into magsama, and the second adverb as i

x

I? ?Magsama ba ang cadaghan

n into sa; and also into dili, but in this case, both terms of comparison must be pl

Labi pang tacus higugmaon ang cata

re, may be also rendered by dag

x

ghan pa ang acong salapi sa bula

. Diutay pa ang mga sapin c

rci

arger-Is your hat as large as mine? It is larger than yours-Do your children write as much as we?-They write more than you-My father has more silver than gold-Your ring is not so nice as my

nth

e part

alled unitive particles, which serve for uniting elegantly the nouns, pronouns and adjectives, and for j

g

as relative) serves to link the prono

wel the letter a of nga, must be sup

e. Maanindu

e. Maayon

g both the sentences and v

rly. Bumalic

him. Malisud cahá nga pasaylo-

g

finite objects, and in compounded sentences when are employed instea

Pumalit ca

ns me Naluya a

f plague. Ang mga anac sa acong si

n. Napol

a

the cardinal numbers

and. Napo

ed out of sight. Nauala an

n

and the objective cases, when it

o may seek. Uala na

?Duna ba acó ing

cise

wrong in speaking, but you are wrong in cutting my trees-Have you time to work?-1 have time, but not mind to work-Have you still a mind to buy any thing?-Yes, I have a mind to buy one more horse-Have you as much good as bad paper?-I ha

th L

ve

at perfection the Bisaya dialect, it is necessary a perfect acquaintance with it. The Bisaya dialect has not verbs, and

o substantive, adjective, passive,

ntive verb TO

tences, it is necessary to use a very new form. They are expressed by means of particles, adver

f the verb TO

mood-Pres

LAR.

an. We are. Camé

ao, man. You are

man. They are.

phonic, when the sentences a

pain? Nacaadto

Uala man

T T

s younger. Maayo man

year. Salapian man a

TU

l be serious.

ERA

us. Magb

NCTIV

be saint. Quinahan

IONAL

d be saint. Cun mapaubsan

NITE F

d's law. Santos man acó unta cun ma

conjugation, that the particle Mao-To be, is u

ut by itself the tense, but it does the dete

ed unta, when the sentences are obtative, i

yed the article ang before or after the noun,

e formed also sentences of the verb Man, by placi

e the adjective are formed a

may elucidate

ather of the souls. Ang Pare mao ang ilis sa

retty. Manindut m

e it. Acoy

forter? ?Quinsa na

ffigy! ?Pagca maan

od or bad behaviour? ?Onsay labut

house. Magbuutan ca bay

behave? Diay?

. Ang Dios maoy mac

ll go. Acoy

ld be. Ma

nt. Ca

ering fellow? ?

an is he? ?Ta

re. Ang Dios ana

cise

u from?-I am from Aloran, my parents are from Cornago, my eldest brother from Oroquieta, and my younger from Tagbilaran-Do you wish to send one more horse to our friends?-I wish to send many more to them-Are you going for any thing?-I am going for some thing-W

h Le

a, na-a or

ranslated into Bisaya by ani-a, to be here: na-a or a

THERE, are used in Bisaya dinhi, here

sent does not need

TIVE P

Ania man

ere. Naa ca

further) Tua m

nia man quitá

re. Naa man

(further) Tua m

T T

s there. (further) Dinh

terday. Didto m

TU

to-morrow. Did

IONAL

were pleased. Didto unta

nctiv

TU

u be there. Quinah

TE IND

be here. Di

NATE IND

re. Cun didto

ATIVE

ye, you).

RU

w him. Sa didto a

f persons or things, the root pointing out such a condition,

ATIVE

. Masaqui

T T

l or strong. Masaquit sia,

UTE F

be ill to-morrow.

IONAL

e of me. Cun masaquit acó unt

RU

ke the medicines. Sa iyang pagcasaqu

n of the V

ted into Bisaya by ania, for first persons; na-a o

MOOD-PRES

irt. Ania can

hat. Tua can

T T

hirt it was with me. Sa pagpangit

he adverbs Dinhi, Dihá. and Didto, according to the persons, placing

erday. Cahapon din

e hat to-morrow. Ugma d

ught it. Dinhi unta canaco an

to you. Cun dinhi pa unta canaco

In Partit

ranslated into Bisaya by May, Duna or Aduna,

MOOD-PRES

ney? ?May s

money. Dunay

T T

you had not. Cahapon duna m

UTE F

tomorrow. Ugma du

IONAL

worked. Icao duna unta ug s

NCTIV

t to you. Cun dunay unta acó u

RU

sy. Sa pagca dunay sala

ings, the root becomes verb with th

. Natugna

you warm. Cahapon guitug

tead of Ma and the root Init admit

terday. Cahapo

hall be warm.

al expressio

u

MOOD-PRES

e street? ?Duna bay

enty. Duna m

in the street. Ua

but there was not money. Cahapon dun

was rice. Sa bulan ng

hunger at the province. Cun dunay bugás

cise

you always take off your hat, when you speak to my father?-I always take it off-What do you take in the morning, tea or coffee?-I take coffee-Do you take coffee every morning?-I take coffee every morning and

h Le

jectiv

our tenses, Present, Past, Future and Imperative of the Bisaya conjugation. The other tense

ompounds: Nagaca, Nagapa, Nagapaca, Naca, mi,

of the tenses, we shall conjugate here a verb in active vo

, in this dialect all the last syllables

ose-PA

. To choos

hoosing.

ciple. Cho

ATIVE

ENT

e. Acó

sest. Ica

hooses. Si

amé (or quit

se. Camó

se. Sila

ECT PR

hen) Nagapi

t, &. Nagap

PER

osen. Nag

chosen.

PER

sen. Nagp

osen. Human n

en. Ubus na

FECT

ill choose.

wilt choose.

CT FU

chosen. Nagpi

e chosen. Nagp

ERA

. Magp

hoose. Ma

Magpil

hoose. Mag

IVE MOOD

or not. Magpili

est choose. N

choose. Apat

choose. Nga

hoose. Nga cam

choose. Nga si

ECT PR

choose. Ug ac

st choose. Ug ic

oose. Ug magapil

choose. Ug mag

choose. Ug camó

choose. Ug sila

CT PR

en, or not Nga nagpi

have chosen. Nga

ve chosen. Nga

hosen. Nagpili qui

ave chosen. Ng

have chosen. N

PER

chosen. Cun ac

ave chosen. Cun ic

chosen. Cun nacag

chosen. Cun nac

e chosen. Cun na

e chosen. Cun sil

FECT

l choose. Ug dao

choose. Ug d

hoose. Ug dao

oose. Ug dao m

hoose. Ug dao

hoose. Ug dao s

CT FU

ave chosen. Cun dao

. Cun icao ogal

Cun sia ogali

Cun camé ogal

. Cun camó na

chosen. Cun dao sil

e made use of in subjunctive mood, are not characteristic signs o

nd therefore it is necessary to know, that when the speech begins by a nominative agent, express or tácite, the sentence is active. The same must b

mass now. Icao

he everlasting life. Ang macatuman sa mga sugo sa

mpany me? ?Quinsa ba c

shirt? Magatahi

ter. Dili acó magatahi, cun d

tter? ?Quinsa ba ang

e school. Mangita ca ug

it concern you? Cun mahibaló acó magb

rci

s your wife?-I do not know-When did you see her?-I saw her at seven o'clock in the morning-Whom are you speaking to? I am speaking to my sister-Do you speak to her every day?-What does this man spend his time in?-He is a good for nothing fellow; he spends his

nth L

e pas

econd passive or of On, and the third passive or of An. The passive of I (ee) is formed by putting Gui before the root for present and past tenses, and I (ee) for future and imperative. Passive the second or of On, is formed by

ter, for present and past tenses; the future is formed by duplicating the first syllable o

is formed by putti

on of the

e of I

AND PAST

has been left by m

AND IMP

let him be left by

INI

him. Sa pag

ive

AND PAST

been written by t

TU

them. Susulaton o

ERA

ten by them. S

INI

by them. Sa

ERA

t. Sulato

ive

AND PAST

en opened by me

TU

y me. Lulucaban

ERA

ened by you.

NAL IMP

ed. Lucabi o

understand when and how every one of the passives must be used, and also the mechanism of their sentences, which is the more difficult part, since are so many th

of cocoa-trees. Ibal

it now. Guiba

s. Isipon mo

e out of sight yet. Gui-isip na n

arched at one. Papang

is very warm. Boboan mo ang

it very cold. Taboni ang

ar? ?Halayo ba an

ther's. Guilactan co cutub

cise

bring it to you-?What do you think of that horse?-I think that it is a fine and good one, and beg you to lead it to my brother's that he may see it-In what did you spend your time yesterday?-I went to my father's in law, and afterwards to the ball-When

fth

the passives and

e of I

agent person exercises its action rem

r the future and imperative. This passive points out the harm, detriment, obsequiousness or favour made to another, pl

ive

ns of this passive, the present and past tenses are formed by placing Gui before the root; the future doubli

ive

in nominative case. The present and past tenses are formed with gui, before the root and An after it; the future, by duplic

herb. Ibton mo

ow my own mind. Bisan asa acó ibutang

m. Guipanig-

im. Pamolo

ok. Guihatag co n

ept that.

plain it to

cise

think you have made faults in them?-I do not know-If you have made faults, you have not studied your lessons well; for the lessons must be learned well to make no faults in the exercises-It is all the same; if you do not correct them to day-I shall not learn them before to-morrow-You must not make any faults in your exercises, for you have all you want in order to make non

eenth

e par

A

the root to which is joined. Its tenses are formed with naga for the present time, nag for

te. Pa

. Acó n

e. Icao

shall write. S

l.) Magsu

some times before, and some times after, the particles at 12th. Lesson mentioned. They may be al

NT AN

wrote. Gu

TU

write. Sulaton o

ERA

aton or pa

he root to which precedes points out, bu

dress, garment or garb, signifies t

hoes. Sia

ur hat. M

ical instruments, signi

he guitar? ?N

s. Sia n

e piano. M

s of the root, signifies to speak or to translate into that nation's language, and in this case

Latin. Maglin

isaya. Binisayaon mo or pa

Spanish. Dili acó

o. Tie

to. Ga

t in. Cata

in. Ualay ca

to. Cah

to. Nahagugma

k. Pag

Pagsulti,

y. Pa

r. Pag

ak. Pa

o work. Nahagug

rk. ?Duna ba camó u

d to work. Dunay tiempo,

horse? Nahagugma ba camó

the glass Nahadluc

cise

ert in thy father-in-law's place, and thy father-in-law in thine; wouldst thou be glad, if I said that word?"-If the men should come, it would be necessary to give them something to drink-If he could do this he would do that-I have always flattered myself, my dear brother, that you loved me as much as I love you; but I now se

eenth

ative, calle

wherefore, their sentences are called impersonals. The imperative of the second passive ends by a, and that of the

dog. Pati

to that.

. Taba?

it.

ok. Basaha c

Louis. Taoga

me. Hul

lobe. Dagcu

e, the English not, is translate

t met. Ua

ulent. Ayao

me. Ayao

andle. Ayao pagpa

the passive of an, is not compo

cted. Bayri ang mga utang ni?ó ug lipay

rselves. Higugmaon ni?o ang Dios n

n this life and in the next. Higugmaon ug buhaton ta ang cata

RTICIPLES

nted with the tenses, the English conjugation must be referred to, we make use of all the tenses. The

were the children playing. Canina sa

me in praying Ang Guinoo ta

th the adverb labon nga, and the v

ld adore him. Guipasaipad-an sa mga macasasalá an

sentences are formed by placing the leading verb in nominative with Pag before the root, a

ladded. Ang pagtan-ao co canimo

grew sad. Ang pag-g

cise

officer, I thought so yesterday-What has become of your uncle?-I will tell you what has become of him: here is the chair upon which he often sat-Is he dead?-He is dead-When did he die?-He died three weeks ago-I am very sorry at it-Why do you not sid down?-If you will sit down to my side, I will sit down also; but

enth

ive sen

sed of leading verb and subordinate ve

ew. Bu-ut a

a wife Bu-ut

ted into Bisaya by nga, and the subordinate verb must be placed in subjunctive mood or in future, either active or passive. In a sam

the cock-fight Dili Angay

rn to count. Mi-ingon ang Magtoto-o

talk Bu-ut acó

me. Nagatinguhá acó

make it. Ambut cun

to be, and the subordinate verb, is used as a substantive with the pa

dance? ?Maayo

o school Quinahanglan a

e people. Mangil-ad man ang pag

rmed these sentences with

not suit. Dili angay ang

these sentences are called finals, and are translated into Bisaya by cay aron, be

my uncle. Mianhi acó cay ar

carry (pay) the tax. Nadaoat namo ug ord

eople. Nangadye acó cay aro

ered by Naquig; when to implore, to be fond of or to give one's mind to, is translated by Naqui; when signifies to have made, to bespeak, by Naga and Pa;

the belfry? ?Nacasacá

y that rice bag? ?Macadalá ca

k into church. Ang mga bata na

g me to dance. Nanay, si A

pity on him. Si Franci

antation made. Guipata

e. Pabuhaton mo ug u

habits sewed? ?Anus-a ba icao

eived by that liar? Palimb

to go to the ball. Ayao

the change

e scholar is advised attentively to

anges in composition these letters

ning with m, retain this letter, but the particle drops the final n, as: To

nto n, and the component particle drops the n, thus: To be angry,

cise

ful to speak much?-When we wish to learn a foreign language it is useful to speak a great deal-Is it as useful to write as to speak?-It is more useful to speak than to write; but in order to learn a language one must do both-Is it useful to write all that one says?-That is us

enth

rticles P

A

, still, notwithstanding, has a very important place in the Bisaya dialect,

it here, before speaking of the verbals part

sh, to try, to desire and to allow that the signific

uested by everybody. Ang pal

he Extremaunction. Pah

ot, for they say, it is vanity. Pahatag man acó ug salapi nga igapalit

of place signifie

going? ?Asa

ome. Pauli

you die? Sa pagcamatay

into heaven. Pa

d in this case, is used to exaggerate the phrase, pl

me? Icao pa nag

thief. Sia sugarol

ay. Nagalingaolingao s

he English conjunctions though,

x

I will play. Bisan pa ngani dili a

l have not answer. Bisan pa ngani

out the beginning and t

just arrived. Igo pa acó

or

, or mean with which a thing is done. They a

to cut the tree. Mao quini ang oas

Ug dili

as your brother. Quining tao maingoningon ug bu-

u Spanish. Acoy magato-on canimo

cise

y to the labor-I am accustomed to write-I cannot express myself in Bisaya. because I am not in the habit of speaking it-The man laughs and weeps by turns-If I knew what you have done.... will you allow me to go to the shore?-I do not

eenth

Particl

GA

allow, to order, to have done what the root points out. The active tenses

VOICE-P

k. Acó n

T T

e. Acó n

TU

speak. Silá

ATIVE

to sew. Magpata

e passives according to the above

d by placing Guipa, before the root, the future and impera

ENT

he shirt. Guipat

T T

irt sewed. Guipat

TU

hirt to be sewed. Ip

ERA

o be sewed. Ipata

n nominative case the object of the commandment, the verb in pa

it is on the coach, up stairs. Ipasacá mo

to the post-office. Ipadalá mo

the horse. Ipahatud mo c